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Polish Ledinski and Azerbaijani Alimardan Topchubashov founded a special group together in the Duma to struggle for the autonomy of Poland and Azerbaijan. When Mammed Amin Rasulzade founded Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918, which was the first secular and democratic republic in the Muslim world, the first chief of staff of the national army became Polish general Maciej Sulkiewicz.[3] It is also notable that Rasulzade went to Poland in 1938 and he met his second wife Wanda who was a niece of Polish statesman Józef Piłsudski.[4] During the Katyn massacre, Hamid Mahammadzadeh, an ethnic Azeri member of the Polish Officer Corps, was among 22,000 Polish nationals shot down by the NKVD, the Soviet secret police, in 1940.[5]
Poland recognized Azerbaijan’s independence on December 27, 1991. They backed Azerbaijan for membership in both the Council of Europe and the World Trade Organization and declared its interest in participating in various energy projects.[6] Poland supports Azerbaijan's bid to join the European Union and NATO.[7] Poland supported Azerbaijan although it is now sporadic due to Poland’s recognition of Armenian genocide in which Azerbaijan protested against. Poland has culturally had friendly relations with Armenia for centuries. Moreover, new close relations with Azerbaijan and Polish Government's recent decision for its citizens to ask permission from Azerbaijan before visiting the Republic of Artsakh, resulted in the Polish government's decision being described as "anti-Armenian" by Armenian nationalist groups and youth organizations.[8]
Following the restoration of independence, several agreements between Armenia and Poland were signed, including a cultural cooperation agreement in 2000,[10] a defense cooperation agreement in 2004,[11] and an economic cooperation agreement in 2010.[12]
Economic relations
Stamp of Azerbaijan, 2012
In 2008, for the first time in the history of its economic relations Azerbaijan gained trade surplus, and turnover of goods between the two countries reached $166.9 million.[13] "Sarmatiya" company has been established to prepare technical details of Baku-Odesa-Brody-Płock-Gdańsk pipeline which seemed to be a legend for many years. It shows the increasing role of Azerbaijan in ensuring energy security of Poland.[14]
Cultural relations
In the middle of the 19th century the Azerbaijani heroic epos Koroghlu was translated by Aleksander Chodźko and published in English and French. Warsaw remains as the last place Abbasgulu Bakikhanov visited before his retiring. He wrote a whole number of poems and his famous "Asrar al-Malakut" (The Secrets of Heavens in the Arabic language) in Warsaw.[15]
Ismayil Gutgashinli's "Rashid bey and Saadat khanum", which is notable for being the first Azerbaijani realistic prose, was published first in Poland in 1835. [citation needed]
Polish Security Printing Works also supported Chopin Year 2010 and Milosz Year 2011 in Azerbaijan. The Center for Polish Language and Culture at the Baku Slavic University was opened on November 9, 2006. Polish engineer Paweł Potocki presented the first project of oil extraction in the Caspian shelf and ensured its fulfillment.[18]
Azeri LiteratureArchived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian). Fundamental Electronic Library The Russian Literature and Folklore. Retrieved 29 August 2006
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