Berenice (Ancient Greek: Βερενίκη), was an ancient Greek and Roman era city near Benghazi in today's Libya, named after Berenice II of Egypt. The city was located on a raised piece of land in what is now the Eastern Benghazi suburb of Sebkha Es-Selmani (Es-Selmani Marsh).^[1]

Founded as a Greek Colony, the city became Roman when Cyrenaica became a Roman province by being bequeathed to Rome by Ptolemy Apion on his death in 96 BC.^[2] At first, the Romans gave Berenice and the other cities of the Pentapolis their freedom. By 78 BC however, Cyrenaica was formally organised as one administrative province together with Crete. It became a senatorial province in 20 BC, like its far more prominent western neighbour Africa proconsularis. Diocletian in 296, made Cyrenaica into two provinces: Libya Inferior and Libya Superior (which comprised Berenice and the other cities of the Pentapolis, with Cyrene as capital). Berenice prospered for most of its 600 years as a Roman city

Many structures were built in Roman Berenice, and mosaics were to be found on the floors of several important buildings. A public bath,^[3] and churches were built in the city later on in its history.^[3]

During Pagan times, the worship of Apollo was very important in Berenice. There was also a Jewish community in Berenice with a synagogue.^[4] Many of the early Christians were non-trinitarian Sabellians and Carpocrations. After the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD, Cyrenaica had been recognized as an ecclesiastical province of the See of Alexandria.^[5] Here it was also the seat of an ancient bishopric of the Roman province of Libya Pentapolitana (Cirenaica).^[6][7] Today Berenice survives as a titular bishopric,^[8] but the seat is vacant since October 27, 1968.^[9]

By 431 Bernice was conquered by the Arian Vandals. In the 6th century and the city came under the rule of the Orthodox Justinian I.