Robert Philip "Bob" Kaplan, PC QC (December 27, 1936 – November 5, 2012) was a Canadian politician and lawyer.

Born in Toronto, Ontario, to Solomon and Pearl Kaplan and brother of Michael Kaplan. Kaplan attended and graduated from Forest Hill Collegiate after spending one year at Vaughan Road Collegiate Institute^[1] in Toronto, then received a Bachelor of Arts in 1958 and an LL.B in 1961 from the University of Toronto. In 1963, he was called to the Ontario Bar.

He was first elected as a Liberal Member of Parliament for the Toronto riding of Don Valley in 1968, beating the Progressive Conservative candidate, Dalton Camp. He lost to PC challenger James Gillies in the 1972 election. For the 1974 election, he switched ridings to York Centre, whose sitting Liberal MP James Edgar Walker was retiring, and won by over 16,000 votes. In 1978, he introduced a notable private member's bill: Bill C-215, An Act respecting war criminals in Canada, which would have amended the Citizenship Act by stripping citizenship from Canadians if they had been convicted of war crimes.^[2] The final report of the Deschênes Commission, published in 1986, later stated that the bill would not have achieved the effect Kaplan hoped to achieve because there was no capacity to apply the Geneva Conventions retroactively.^[3]

He was re-elected in the 1979, 1980, 1984 and 1988 elections. He was the Solicitor General of Canada from 1980 to 1984 and oversaw the creation of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service and the Security Intelligence Review Committee and the termination of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Security Service.^[4] Kaplan was also responsible for bringing in the Young Offenders Act in 1984 which established 12 as the minimum age for criminal charges, brought in shorter sentences for most offenders under the age of 18 and banned the publication of youths charged or convicted of criminal acts in most circumstances.^[5] He also pressed for and oversaw the extradition of Helmut Rauca to West Germany for war crimes.^[6]

After leaving politics in 1993, Kaplan served as the Honorary Consul of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Canada and was awarded the Order of Kazakhstan by its president in recognition of his service to the Republic. He was a director of PetroKazakhstan Inc., Platexco Inc., and Rex Diamond Mining Corp. In 2004, he joined the Board of Directors of European Goldfields, a Canadian-based resource company involved in the acquisition, exploration and development of mineral properties in Romania and the Balkans.^[5]

Kaplan died on November 5, 2012, at the age of 75 from cancer.^[5]

There is a Robert Kaplan fonds at Library and Archives Canada.^[7]