Bohtan (also Buhtan, Bokhti) was a medieval Kurdish principality in the Ottoman Empire centered on the town of Jazirah ibn 'Omar (modern Cizre also known as Cizîra Botan (Jazira Botan) in southeastern Anatolia. The official religion of this principality was Yezidism in 14th century, although the rulers eventually converted to Islam, Bohtan constituted the third major Yezidi enclave after Shekhan and Sinjar until the 19th century.^[1][2]

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Kurdish. (February 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Kurdish article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Kurdish Wikipedia article at [[:ku:Mîrektiya Botan]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|ku|Mîrektiya Botan}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Turkish. (February 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Turkish article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 492 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Turkish Wikipedia article at [[:tr:Botan Emirliği]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|tr|Botan Emirliği}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Quick Facts Status, Capital ...

Bohtan
Status	Sovereign state (before 1514) Vassal of the Ottoman Empire
Capital	Cizre
Religion	Yazidism, Sunni Islam (from 14th century)
Government	Principality
Mir
• 1821–1847	Bedir Khan Beg (last)
Succeeded by Ottoman Empire
Today part of	Turkey, Al-Hasakah Governorate, Iraq

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The principality ruled over an area extending from Diyarbakir to Van and from Rawanduz to Sinjar at its peak.^[3] The first governors of Bohtan, were from the Azizan family, who originally followed Yezidism^[4][5] later converted to Sunni Islam^[5] and were related to the Governors of the Principality of Bitlis.^[6] Following their role in the Ottoman defeat of the Safavids in the Battle of Çaldiran in 1514,^[6] Bohtan was granted the status of a Hükümet, and it became a hereditary Kurdish principality within the Ottoman Empire.^[7]

An important governor of the Bohtan was Bedir Khan Bey, who succeeded Mir Seyfeddin.^[8] Bedir Khan Bey was Mîr of the principality between 1821 and 1847.^[3] He reformed the military forces in establishing an elite force consistent with members of the several tribes within the emirate^{[9] [10]}which brought security into Bohtan.^[11] According to European diplomats in the region, he even tested if the regional chief was observant enough.^[11] He would try to raid a tribe by night, and if he succeeded he would punish the tribal chief in whose territory the robbery was successful.^[11] He then returned what he had robbed the night before.^[11]

The security standard in Bohtan was such, that it encouraged the population of neighboring provinces to move into the territory under Bedir Khans control.^[12] This led to the opposition by the Ottoman Vali of Mosul, who demanded an end to the emigration of the habitants from the Mosul province to Bohtan.^[12] Following, Bedir Khan expelled 2000 immigrants who settled into Bohtan during the Governorship of Mehmet Pasha in Mosul,^[12] but they returned after four years.^[12] The renewed emigration lead the Vali of Mosul Mehmet Şerif Pasha to file a report against Bedir Khan, who in 1847 had to agree to bring an end to the immigration of foreigners in Bohtan.^[12] Bedir Khan Bey resigned after an unsuccessful uprising against the Ottoman Empire and following, Bohtan lost its independence.^[3]

• List of Kurdish dynasties and countries