In mathematics, the bounded inverse theorem (also called inverse mapping theorem or Banach isomorphism theorem) is a result in the theory of bounded linear operators on Banach spaces. It states that a bijective bounded linear operator T from one Banach space to another has bounded inverse T⁻¹. It is equivalent to both the open mapping theorem and the closed graph theorem.

This theorem may not hold for normed spaces that are not complete. For example, consider the space X of sequences x : N → R with only finitely many non-zero terms equipped with the supremum norm. The map T : X → X defined by

${\displaystyle Tx=\left(x_{1},{\frac {x_{2}}{2}},{\frac {x_{3}}{3}},\dots \right)}$

is bounded, linear and invertible, but T⁻¹ is unbounded. This does not contradict the bounded inverse theorem since X is not complete, and thus is not a Banach space. To see that it's not complete, consider the sequence of sequences x⁽ⁿ⁾ ∈ X given by

${\displaystyle x^{(n)}=\left(1,{\frac {1}{2}},\dots ,{\frac {1}{n}},0,0,\dots \right)}$

converges as n → ∞ to the sequence x^(∞) given by

${\displaystyle x^{(\infty )}=\left(1,{\frac {1}{2}},\dots ,{\frac {1}{n}},\dots \right),}$

which has all its terms non-zero, and so does not lie in X.

The completion of X is the space ${\displaystyle c_{0}}$ of all sequences that converge to zero, which is a (closed) subspace of the ℓ_p space ℓ_∞(N), which is the space of all bounded sequences. However, in this case, the map T is not onto, and thus not a bijection. To see this, one need simply note that the sequence

${\displaystyle x=\left(1,{\frac {1}{2}},{\frac {1}{3}},\dots \right),}$

is an element of ${\displaystyle c_{0}}$, but is not in the range of ${\displaystyle T:c_{0}\to c_{0}}$.

• Almost open linear map – Map that satisfies a condition similar to that of being an open map.Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Closed graph – Graph of a map closed in the product spacePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Closed graph theorem – Theorem relating continuity to graphs
• Open mapping theorem (functional analysis) – Condition for a linear operator to be open
• Surjection of Fréchet spaces – Characterization of surjectivity
• Webbed space – Space where open mapping and closed graph theorems hold