Cheng Yanqiu (1 January 1904 – 9 March 1958) was a Chinese Peking opera singer.^[1][2] He is remembered as one of the 20th-century's great female impersonators, having specialized in Peking opera's female roles (dan).^[3] Yanqiu was a member of the Chinese Communist Party and was buried in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.

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Cheng was born in Beijing.^[4]

Cheng was also the creator of several original Peking opera productions in the 1920s and '30s. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he refused to perform and instead worked as a farmer in Beijing. After the war, he was appointed vice president of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Opera.

He died of a heart attack in Beijing at 8:20 PM on 9 March 1958.

• Mei Lanfang
• Shang Xiaoyun
• Xun Huisheng