Chloralose (also known as α-chloralose) is an avicide, and a rodenticide used to kill mice in temperatures below 15 °C. It is also widely used in neuroscience and veterinary medicine as an anesthetic and sedative.^[1] Either alone or in combination, such as with urethane, it is used for long-lasting, but light anesthesia.^[2]

Quick Facts Names, Identifiers ...

Chloralose

Names
IUPAC name 1,2-O-[(1R)-2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diyl]-α-D-glucofuranose
Systematic IUPAC name (1R)-1-[(2R,3aR,4S,5R,6aR)-2-(Trichloromethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]ethane-1,2-diol
Identifiers
CAS Number	15879-93-3 Y[EBI]
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	85418
ChEBI	CHEBI:81902
ChEMBL	ChEMBL2104181 Y
ChemSpider	5414376 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.036.363
EC Number	240-016-7
KEGG	C18707 Y
MeSH	Chloralose
PubChem CID	7057995 40467114 (2R,3aR,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl 27525 (2R,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl 16211632 (1R)-dioxol, (2R,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl 186624 (1R)-dioxol, (3aR,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-furo-5-yl 2723807 (2R,3aR,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl 85991
RTECS number	FM9450000
UNII	238BZ29MUE Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID4020088
InChI InChI=1S/C8H11Cl3O6/c9-8(10,11)7-16-5-3(14)4(2(13)1-12)15-6(5)17-7/h2-7,12-14H,1H2/t2-,3+,4-,5-,6-,7-/m1/s1 Y Key: OJYGBLRPYBAHRT-IPQSZEQASA-N Y InChI=1/C8H11Cl3O6/c9-8(10,11)7-16-5-3(14)4(2(13)1-12)15-6(5)17-7/h2-7,12-14H,1H2/t2-,3+,4-,5-,6-,7-/m1/s1 Key: OJYGBLRPYBAHRT-IPQSZEQABF
SMILES C([C@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](O1)O[C@@H](O2)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)O)O)O
Properties
Chemical formula	C8H11Cl3O6
Molar mass	309.52 g·mol−1
Melting point	176 to 182 °C (349 to 360 °F; 449 to 455 K)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Harmful if swallowed Harmful if inhaled
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H301, H332, H336, H410
Precautionary statements	P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P310, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
Related compounds
Related compounds	Chloral hydrate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

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Chemically, it is a chlorinated acetal derivative of glucose.

It is listed in Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC with the classification Harmful (Xn)

Chloralose exerts barbiturate-like actions on synaptic transmission in the brain, including potent effects at inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABA_AR).^[3][4] A structural isomer of chloralose, β-chloralose (also called parachloralose in older literature), is inactive as a GABA_AR modulator and also as a general anesthetic.^[5]

Chloralose is often abused for its avicide properties. In the United Kingdom, protected birds of prey have been killed using the chemical. Legal use for bird control also often causes raptor mortalities from secondary poisoning, as well as primary poisoning of non-target species from eating bait, for example, kererū pigeon in New Zealand.^[6]