Cicadomorpha

Cicadomorpha

Cicadomorpha

Infraorder of insects

Cicadomorpha[1] is an infraorder of the insect order Hemiptera which contains the cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, and spittlebugs. There are approximately 35,000 described species worldwide. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, and many produce either audible sounds or substrate vibrations as a form of communication. The earliest fossils of cicadomorphs first appear during the Late Permian.

Quick Facts Cicadomorpha Temporal range: Upper Permian to Holocene, Scientific classification ...

Classification

Some authors use the name Clypeorrhyncha (from the Latin clypeus and the Greek ῥύγχος rhúnkhos, 'shielded nose') as a replacement for the extant Cicadomorpha.[2] Nymphs of many Cicadomorphans coat themselves with secretions from specialized Malphigian tubules. They are never coated with hydrophobic wax as seen in the nymphs of Fulgoromorpha. Most Cicadomorphas have a filter chamber in their mid-gut which helps remove excess water from the xylem or phloem sap that they feed on.[3]

Of the three extant superfamilies within the Cicadomorpha, molecular phylogeny studies have placed Membracoidea as a sister group to a clade containing Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea. Within these superfamilies, not all deep phylogeny questions have been resolved.[4]

Modified after Szwedo, 2018.[5]

  • †Infraorder Prosbolopsemorpha Szwedo, 2018
    • Superfamily † Prosbolopseoidea Becker-Migdisova, 1946
      • Family † Prosbolopseidae Becker-Migdisova, 1946 (Permian)
    • Superfamily † Pereborioidea Zalessky, 1930
      • † Curvicubitidae Hong, 1984 (Triassic)
      • † Ignotalidae Riek, 1973 (Permian-Triassic)
      • † Pereboriidae Zalessky, 1930 (Permian-Triassic)
    • Superfamily †Dysmorphoptiloidea Handlirsch, 1906
      • †Dysmorphoptilidae Handlirsch, 1906 (Permian- Jurassic)
      • †Eoscarterellidae Evans, 1956 (Permian-Triassic)
      • †Magnacicadiidae Hong & Chen, 1981 (Triassic)
    • Superfamily † Palaeontinoidea Handlirsch, 1906
      • † Dunstaniidae Tillyard, 1916 (Permian–Jurassic)
      • † Mesogereonidae Tillyard, 1921 (Triassic)
      • † Palaeontinidae Handlirsch, 1906 (Triassic–Cretaceous)
    • Superfamily † Hylicelloidea Evans, 1956
      • † Chiliocyclidae Evans, 1956; Triassic
      • † Hylicellidae Evans, 1956 (Triassic–Cretaceous)
      • † Mesojabloniidae Storozhenko, 1992 (Triassic)
  • Clade Clypeata Qadri, 1967
    • Superfamily Cercopoidea Westwood, 1838
    • Superfamily Cicadoidea Latreille, 1802
    • Superfamily †Hylicelloidea Evans, 1956
      • † Chiliocyclidae Evans, 1956; Triassic
      • † Hylicellidae Evans, 1956 (Triassic–Cretaceous)
      • † Mesojabloniidae Storozhenko, 1992 (Triassic)
      • † Minlagerrontidae Chen, Szwedo and Wang, 2019 (Cretaceous)
    • Superfamily Membracoidea Rafinesque, 1815

References

  1. [1]
    Evans JW (1946) A natural classification of leaf-hoppers (Jassoidea, Homoptera). Part 1. External morphology and systematic position. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 96 (3): 47–60.
  2. [2]
    Sorensen, J. T.; Campbell, B. C.; Gill, R. J.; Steffen-Campbell, J. D. (1995). "Non-monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha ("Homoptera"), based upon 18S rDNA phylogeny: eco-evolutionary and cladistic implications within pre-Heteropterodea Hemiptera (S. L.) and a proposal for new monophyletic suborders". The Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 71 (1): 31–60.
  3. [3]
    C. H. Dietrich in Resh, V. H. & Carde, R. T. (Eds.) 2003 Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press.
  4. [4]
    Cryan, Jason R. (2005). "Molecular phylogeny of Cicadomorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadoidea, Cercopoidea and Membracoidea): adding evidence to the controversy". Systematic Entomology. 30 (4): 563–574. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2004.00285.x.
  5. [5]
    Szwedo, Jacek (June 2016). "The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 107 (2–3): 109–128. doi:10.1017/S175569101700038X. ISSN 1755-6910.


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