Colour-blind_casting
Color-blind casting
Casting practice in the performing arts
Color-blind casting is the practice of casting without considering the actor's ethnicity or race.[1] Alternative terms and similar practices include non-traditional casting, integrated casting, or blind casting,[lower-alpha 1] which can involve casting without consideration of skin color, body shape, sex or gender.[citation needed] A representative of the Actors' Equity Association has disputed the use of "color blind casting", preferring "non-traditional casting". Non-traditional casting "is defined as the casting of ethnic minority actors in roles where race, ethnicity, or gender is not germane".[2] Race-reversed casting is one form of non-traditional casting.
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2017) |
 | The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with US films and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (September 2022) |
More information Production, Year ...
| Production | Year | Description |
|---|---|---|
| New York Shakespeare Festival | 1955 | Joseph Papp started hiring actors of color in his Shakespeare productions.[3] |
| Tannhäuser | 1961 | Grace Bumbry was cast as Venus in the Wagner opera, becoming the first African-American singer to perform at the Bayreuth Festival.[4] |
| Batman | 1967 | Eartha Kitt was cast as Catwoman in the third season, taking over the role from the white Julie Newmar.[5] |
| Night of the Living Dead | 1968 | Duane Jones was cast as Ben, the lead and hero, a role never intended for an African-American.[6] |
| After the Fall | 1990 | Josette Simon played Maggie at the London National Theatre in 1990. The role is widely supposed to have been based on Arthur Miller's former wife Marilyn Monroe.[7][8] |
| The Shawshank Redemption | 1994 | An adaptation of Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption. The character Red, described as Irish in the novella, is played by Morgan Freeman.[9] |
| This England: The Histories | 2000 | British-Nigerian actor David Oyelowo played Henry VI of England. Oyelowo was the first black actor to play an English king in a major production of Shakespeare[10][11][12][13] |
| Grey's Anatomy | 2005 | During the creation of the television series, none of the characters was assigned a race. Color-blind casting was used to choose the best actors for the roles, resulting in an ethnically diverse cast.[14] |
| Robin Hood | 2006 | Black British actor David Harewood was cast as Friar Tuck, a character traditionally portrayed as white, overweight, and balding, in "Total Eclipse", the first episode of the third series.[15] |
| King Lear | 2010 | Black British actress Pippa Bennett-Warner played Cordelia in the 2010 Donmar Warehouse production of King Lear, starring Derek Jacobi in the title role.[16] |
| Skyfall | 2012 | The role of Miss Moneypenny, which had previously been cast as white, went to Naomie Harris.[17] She reprised the role in the next James Bond films, Spectre and No Time to Die. |
| National Anthem | John F. Kennedy, who was white, is portrayed by ASAP Rocky in the music video.[18] | |
| Fantastic Four | 2015 | Black actor Michael B. Jordan played Human Torch, who is White in the comics, and was played in the 2005 film of the same name by White actor Chris Evans. |
| Doctor Strange | 2016 | British-Nigerian actor Chiwetel Ejiofor played Karl Mordo, who is a Transylvanian baron in the comics the film is based on.[19] |
| Suicide Squad | Deadshot, a white man in the comics, is portrayed by Will Smith in this movie.[20] | |
| The Girl with All the Gifts | In the British post-apocalyptic zombie horror drama film, based on a M.R. Carey novel of the same name, black actress Sennia Nanua plays main character of Melanie, who is white in the book.[21] | |
| Dynasty | 2017 | Based on the 1980s series of the same name where both of the lead families are white. In this reboot, the Colby family is portrayed by African-American actors.[22] |
| Riverdale | Based on the characters and setting of the long-running Archie Comics series, several characters traditionally depicted as white in the comics are portrayed by non-white actors in the series. Most notably, Archie Andrews (the series' lead) is portrayed by KJ Apa, who is of mixed Samoan descent. Veronica Lodge is portrayed by Camila Mendes, who is of Brazilian descent as well as the entire Lodge family has been depicted as being of Latin-American descent in the series.[23] Reggie Mantle is portrayed by Asian-American actors Ross Butler in season 1, and Charles Melton from season 2 onwards, Pop Tate is portrayed by black actor Alvin Sanders and Josie and the Pussycats, a band originally consisting of one black member and two white members in the comics, are converted into an all-black group: Josie and Melody, both previously white, are portrayed by Ashleigh Murray and Hayley Law, respectively.[24] | |
| Spider-Man: Homecoming | Tony Revolori, of Guatemalan heritage, plays Flash Thompson, a white character from the comics previously portrayed in Spider-Man and Spider-Man 3 by Joe Manganiello.[25] | |
| Beauty and the Beast | Gugu Mbatha-Raw plays Plumette, a castle maid who was represented in the 1991 animated film as a white woman.[26] Similarly, Audra McDonald plays Madame De Garderobe, an opera singer who was also white in the animated movie.[27] | |
| The Dark Tower | Black actor Idris Elba plays Roland Deschain, a character who is described in the Dark Tower series as white and is said to have been inspired by white actor Clint Eastwood.[28] | |
| Frozen the Musical | Black actor Jelani Alladin plays the character Kristoff, a Scandinavian ice harvester.[29] | |
| Thor: Ragnarok | The role of the bounty hunter Valkyrie, based on the Marvel Comics character commonly depicted as white, is played by biracial actress Tessa Thompson.[30] The role of the Asgardian sentry Heimdall, based on the Marvel Comics character depicted as white (also described in the Scandinavian mythology as "the whitest skinned of all the gods"), was played by Black British actor Idris Elba.[31] | |
| A Series of Unfortunate Events | African-American actor K. Todd Freeman portrayed the character Mr. Poe, who was portrayed by white English actor Timothy Spall in the 2004 film.[32] Indian actor Aasif Mandvi portrayed the character Monty Montgomery who was portrayed by Irish-Scottish actor Billy Connolly in the film. African-American actor Alfre Woodard portrayed the character Aunt Josephine, who was portrayed by white American actress Meryl Streep in the film.[33] | |
| 1066: A Year to Conquer England | Jotham Annan plays Norman Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester.[34] | |
| Troy: Fall of a City | 2018 | The BBC/Netflix co-production, which retells the Iliad, depicts Achilles and Zeus as being black, with the respective roles played by David Gyasi and Hakeem Kae-Kazim.[35] |
| Deadpool 2 | The character Domino, drawn in comic books as an albino white woman with a dark patch of skin in a diamond surrounding her left eye, is portrayed by African-American/German actress Zazie Beetz;[36][37] the anomalous skin patch was instead lighter than the rest of her complexion. The film also features Māori actor Julian Dennison as Rusty Collins / Firefist, a white[38] Oklahoma native in the comics, and biracial actor Lewis Tan (of partial Chinese descent) as Shatterstar, an extraterrestrial who in the comics has the appearance of a white human.[39] | |
| Fahrenheit 451 | The character Guy Montag, who was portrayed by Austrian actor Oskar Werner in the 1966 adaptation, is portrayed by African-American actor Michael B. Jordan. Additionally, the character Clarisse McClellan (portrayed by Julie Christie in the 1966 film) is played by Algerian actress Sofia Boutella.[40] | |
| Titans | Senegalese actress Anna Diop plays the superhero Starfire (Princess Koriand'r). An alien who is drawn in comics with orange or golden skin, Starfire has been previously portrayed by white performers and drawn in cartoons with light tan skin, though originally being black-coded.[41][42] Similarly, the character of Beast Boy is played by Mixed actor Ryan Potter, who is of Japanese descent. This marks the first time in history where a live action superhero team lineup is 50% people of color (the other 50% being Dick Grayson and Rachel Roth, who are portrayed by white Australian actors Brenton Thwaites and Teagan Croft, respectively). | |
| Colette | Saudi actress Aiysha Hart plays the character Polaire. Polaire is a French woman.[43] | |
| Mary Queen of Scots | A British historical drama included Gemma Chan as Elizabeth Hardwick and Adrian Lester as Lord Thomas Randolph.[44] | |
| Les Misérables | British-Nigerian actor David Oyelowo plays inspector Javert, who was described as the son of a French man and a Gypsy woman in the original Victor Hugo novel.[45] | |
| Robin Hood | Jamie Foxx was cast as Little John.[46] | |
| Krypton | Black British actor Colin Salmon was cast as General Zod, who is traditionally portrayed as white.[47] | |
| Mean Girls | Korean-American actress Ashley Park played Gretchen Wieners in the Broadway musical of the same name, who is white in the 2004 film of the same name.[48] | |
| The Witcher | Yennefer is played by half-Indian actress Anya Chalotra, who was a white brunette in the original, similarly done with Vilgefortz (Mahesh Jadu). White character Fringilla Vigo is played by black actress Mimi Ndiweni; Istredd (Royce Pierreson) and Triss Merigold (Anna Shaffer) are also white in books, yet are played by actors of color. The Zerrikanians Tèa and Vèa, who are blonde in the books and based on Scythian warrior women and Greek stories about Amazons, are also played by black actresses.[49][50] | |
| The Personal History of David Copperfield | Director Armando Iannuci described his approach as colour-blind[51] when casting Dev Patel as Charles Dickens' titular character. Patel described the casting as "representative of a modern Britain – the one that I grew up in".[52] Nigerian actress Nikki Amuka-Bird plays Mrs Steerforth and Benedict Wong plays Mr Wickfield.[53][54] | |
| Artemis Fowl | 2020 | In the novel, the character Butler is described as Eurasian, specifically Russian-Japanese; in the film he is portrayed by British Nigerian Nonso Anozie.[55][56] |
| Transplant | Pakistani-Canadian actor Hamza Haq portrays Syrian doctor Bashir Hamed.[57] | |
| The Great | Elle Fanning who stars as Catherine the Great in the series spoke of using color-blind casting from the very beginning to make "people from now to be able to relate to the show" and "have everyone represented".[58] Sacha Dhawan, a British-Indian actor, plays Count Orlo, and Abraham Popoola plays Rostov.[59] | |
| Bridgerton | The show, crested by Shonda Rhimes, employs many actors of color in positions of nobility that historically would have been white, most notably Golda Rosheuvel as the queen, Regé-Jean Page as the Duke of Hastings, and Adjoa Andoh as Lady Danbury.[60] | |
| The Witches | Based on the Roald Dahl novel, the main character, a young boy, and his grandmother are black; in the book, they are Anglo-Norwegian.[61] | |
| Mortal Kombat | 2021 | Sisi Stringer portrays Mileena, a character who has a pale complexion in the Mortal Kombat games.[62] |
| Without Remorse | Michael B. Jordan plays John Clark, a fictional character in the Tom Clancy media franchise traditionally portrayed white.[63] | |
| Anne Boleyn | Jodie Turner-Smith plays Anne Boleyn.[64] | |
| The Green Knight | Dev Patel plays Gawain, a fictional character in the King Arthur legend traditionally portrayed white.[65] | |
| Cruella | Kirby Howell-Baptiste portrays the character Anita Darling, who is white in all previous iterations of 101 Dalmatians.[66] | |
| Spider-Man: No Way Home | Jamie Foxx reprises his role as the supervillain Electro, who is white in the comics.[67] | |
| Cowboy Bebop | The live-action TV series based on the original 1997 Japanese anime has Mustafa Shakir portraying the character of Jet Black, who is presumed white, and Daniella Pineda, a Mexican-American actor as Faye Valentine, who is Singaporean in the anime.[68] | |
| Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City | A film based on the first two games of the Japanese video game series Resident Evil, biracial actor Avan Jogia portrays the characters Leon Kennedy, who is white in the video game series and was portrayed by white actor Johann Urb, in the original film series. Biracial actor Hannah John-Kamen portrays Jill Valentine, who is white in the video game series.[69][70] | |
| The Electrical Life of Louis Wain | British actor Richard Ayoade, the son of a Nigerian father and a Norwegian mother, plays Henry Wood.[71] | |
| Venom: Let There Be Carnage | Black actor Naomie Harris plays the character Shriek, who is white in the comics.[72] | |
| The Tragedy of Macbeth | Black actors Denzel Washington and Corey Hawkins play Lord Macbeth and Macduff, respectively.[73] | |
| The Irregulars | 2022 | Black actor Royce Pierreson played Doctor John Watson.[74] |
| The Batman | Jeffrey Wright portrays the usually white American Commissioner Gordon and Zoe Kravitz plays Catwoman.[75][76] | |
| House of the Dragon | Steve Toussaint was cast in the role of Corlys Velaryon, and Sonoya Mizuno was cast as Mysaria, though both characters are described as white in the source material, Fire & Blood.[77][78][79][80] | |
| Matilda the Musical | Lashana Lynch, portrays Miss Honey, who is white in 1988 novel, 1996 film adaptation, and the musical adaptation.[81] | |
| Halo | Shabana Azmi, an Indian actress, portrays Admiral Margaret Parangosky.[82] | |
| The Little Mermaid | 2023 | Black singer/actress Halle Bailey portrays Ariel, originally described as white in Hans Christian Andersen’s "The Little Mermaid" and in the 1989 Disney adaptation. Rob Marshall, the director, said she was cast because "she possesses that rare combination of spirit, heart, youth, innocence, and substance — plus a glorious singing voice — all intrinsic qualities necessary to play this iconic role".[83] |
| The Flash | Colombian actress Sasha Calle portrays Supergirl; she is the first Latina to portray the character.[84] | |
| Doctor Who | Nathaniel Curtis, a half-Indian actor, plays Isaac Newton.[85] | |
| Percy Jackson and the Olympians | Black actress Leah Jeffries portrays the character Annabeth Chase, daughter of the Greek goddess Athena, who was described as white in the books, and played by Alexandra Daddario in the movies.[86] | |
| Titanic | 2023 - 2024 | A 2023 UK tour had black actress Bree Smith playing Alice Beane (based on Ethel Beane).[87] One reviewer praised Smith's performance but felt it an “odd choice made by the casting team…I couldn’t help but initially think that in an authentic setting, a black woman would not be fangirling over people who most likely wouldn’t treat her very well. The choice doesn’t hurt (but) it can pull you out of the experience if you think too long about the era’s politics that wouldn’t have stopped and the gangplank.”[88][lower-alpha 2] A 2024 Off-Broadway concert as part of the Encores! series, will have Chuck Cooper portray Captain E. J. Smith and Iranian Ramin Karimloo as Frederick Barrett.[89] |
| Mean Girls | 2024 | Avantika as Karen, Auliʻi Cravalho as Janis and Jaquel Spivey as Damian who are white in 2004 film and the musical adaptation[90] |
Close
The Non-Traditional Casting Project was founded in 1986 to examine problems of racial discrimination in theatre, film and television.[91] The Actors' Equity Association is a co-founder.[92]
In the theatre community, there is significant debate over the concept of color-blind casting vs "color-conscious casting".
In 1996, Pulitzer-winning playwright August Wilson used his Princeton University address on black culture in the United States "The Ground on Which I Stand" to attack the notion of color-blind casting.[93]
"Colorblind casting is an aberrant idea that has never had any validity other than as a tool of Cultural Imperialists who view American culture, rooted in the icons of European culture, as beyond reproach in its perfection... We do not need colorblind casting; we need theatres." - August Wilson
In 2017, Associate Editor of American Theatre magazine Diep Tran declared "color-conscious" to be a preferable term. "Color-conscious means we're aware of the historic discrimination in the entertainment industry... and we're also aware of what it means to put a body of color onstage.".[94] The idea promotes intentionality and race-conscious affirmative action to avoid racially homogeneous casts, and has been supported widely across the theatre community.[95][96]
In 2018, the Harvard Journal of Sports & Entertainment Law published the article "There's No Business Like Show Business: Abandoning Color-Blind Casting and Embracing Color-Conscious Casting in American Theatre". The article discussed the implications for US employment law and mooted that color-blind casting has not produced its intended result. "Race is still a determining factor in American society, and it is counterintuitive to argue that problems related to race can be fixed by ignoring race altogether".[97] The Broad Online calls a color-blind casting "a superficial solution to a deeper problem."[98]
Popular shows that employ color-conscious casting include: Hamilton: An American Musical, the BBC's Les Misérables, and the film Mary Queen of Scots (in which the black actor Adrian Lester plays a 16th-century ambassador). In 2017, director Michael Streeter made a color-conscious casting decision for his production of Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? - believing "the decision would add depth to the play".[94] Edward Albee's estate denied permission for the production, stating the casting "would fundamentally change the meaning and message of the play".[99]
- Downs, William Missouri (2013). The Art of Theatre: A Concise Introduction. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. pp. 181–182. ISBN 978-1-111-34831-1.
- Eisenberg, Alan (23 October 1988). "NONTRADITIONAL CASTING; When Race and Sex Don't Matter". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- Ayanna Thompson, "Practicing a Theory/Theorizing a Practice: An Introduction to Shakespearean Colorblind Casting", in Ayanna Thompson, ed., Colorblind Shakespeare: New Perspectives on Race and Performance (Routledge, 2006), 1-24, p. 5.
- Miller, Sarah Bryan (8 May 2016). "Catching up with diva Grace Bumbry". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
- Mitchell, Maurice (15 October 2019). "EARTHA KITT: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE FIRST BLACK CATWOMAN". The Geek Twins. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- Onstad, Katrina (10 February 2008). "Horror Auteur Is Unfinished With the Undead". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
Because he gave the best audition, a black actor, Duane Jones, was cast as the heroic lead, a role never intended for an African-American.
- Louise Jury, "Colour-blind casting finds new stars for Billy Elliott" Archived 3 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine, The Independent.
- "Evening Standard Theatre Awards, 1990". Archived from the original on 17 September 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
- "Top Ten Reasons We Can't Get Enough of The Shawshank Redemption". Archived from the original on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
- Fiachra Gibbons, "RSC casts black actor as English king for first time" Archived 20 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 19 September 2000.
- Hugh Quarshie, "Black kings are old hat" Archived 20 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 20 September 2000.
- Kate Kellaway, "My kingdom for a part" Archived 13 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, The Observer, 8 July 2001.
- "The latest British Theatre news for 04/01/01". Archived from the original on 4 December 2007.
- Matthew Fogel, "'Grey's Anatomy' Goes Colorblind" Archived 28 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine, New York Times, 8 May 2005.
- "Robin Hood (2006) - 3x01 - Total_Eclipse" Archived 4 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Episode World.
- Tim Walker, "Black actors are 'forced to leave Britain for America'" Archived 30 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Telegraph, 17 June 2011.
- "No-one objected to Moneypenny being black because public were not told, says Naomie Harris". The Telegraph. 25 April 2016. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
- "Lana Del Rey's 'National Anthem' Video: A$AP Rocky is JFK". Billboard. 27 June 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2012.
- Mike Fleming Jr (11 June 2015). "Chiwetel Ejiofor's 'Doctor Strange' Character: He'll Play Baron Mordo – Deadline". Deadline.com. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- Sneider, Jeff (2 December 2014). "Will Smith, Tom Hardy, Jared Leto, Margot Robbie Set for 'Suicide Squad'". thewrap.com. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- "Sam Adegoke Dishes on Dynasty Reboot, Playboy Jeff Colby & Casting Choices". TV Fanatic. 18 October 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- "The CW's 'Riverdale' news: Meet Reggie, Moose, and Dilton". Archie Comics. 10 March 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- Lovett, Jamie (9 July 2019). "Spider-Man Star Tony Revolori Reflects on Flash Thompson Casting Backlash and Stan Lee's Approval". Comicbook.com. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- "'Beauty and the Beast' Adds Broadway Star Audra McDonald". 30 March 2015.
- Pantozzi, Jill (14 July 2016). "Idris Elba on His The Dark Tower Casting: "It Is a Sign of the Times"". The Nerdy Bird. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- "Frozen's Jelani Alladin on Expanding the Role of Kristoff, Meeting Jonathan Groff & Scandal Saturdays | Broadway Buzz". Broadway.com. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- "Idris Elba's Heimdall Gets a Spotlight in Thor: Ragnarok". Cbr.com. 3 November 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- Petski, Denise (8 March 2016). "K. Todd Freeman Joins Netflix's 'A Series Of Unfortunate Events' – Deadline". Deadline.com. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- Rutkowski, Laura (14 January 2017). "A Series of Unfortunate Events Netflix cast | Neil Patrick Harris, Patrick Warburton, Malina Weissman". Radio Times. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- "Getting the history right on '1066: A Year to Conquer England'". HistoryExtra. 20 March 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- "Yes, Achilles in Troy: Fall of a City is black, and yes it's a big deal". Digitalspy.com. 17 February 2018. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- Thompson, Luke Y. "Interview: Deadpool's Rob Liefeld Talks Sequel, X-Force, And Taking Things Slow (Or Not!)". Forbes. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
- "Zazie Beetz from "Atlanta" is going to be in "Deadpool 2," and we definitely approve this decision". Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
- "Who Is Julian Dennison's Mutant Kid Character in DEADPOOL 2? (SPOILERS) | Nerdist". Nerdist. 18 May 2018. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
- "BAZAAR Spotlight: Meet Lewis Tan, Hollywood's Kickass Asian Action Star". Harper's Bazaar Singapore. 10 May 2018. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
- Real, Evan (19 May 2018). "Michael B. Jordan Talks Significance of Inclusivity in 'Fahrenheit 451'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
- Herapocrypha (16 November 2018). "Too Black to be Orange, or an Alien: Starfire meets the 21st Century (and 20th, 19th, 18th)". Medium. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
- "Racist Comic Fans Run Titans Star Off Instagram for Not Being the Right Kind of Black". The Root. 24 July 2018. Archived from the original on 26 December 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
- "Saudi Actor Aiysha Hart on Films, Feminism, and Fame l Vogue Arabia". En.vogue.me. 6 September 2018. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- Mueller, Matt (11 June 2019). "Emmys 2019: David Oyelowo on colour-blind casting, 'Les Miserables' and directing | Features | Screen". Screendaily.com. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- Mike Fleming Jr (11 January 2016). "Jamie Foxx Cast As Little John In 'Robin Hood: Origins' Movie – Deadline". Deadline.com. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- "See Who's Bringing Mean Girls to Broadway". Playbill.com. 2 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
- Hedges-Stocks, Zoah (12 June 2018). "Armando Iannucci explains his 'colourblind' David Copperfield movie". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- "Armando Iannucci defends colour-blind casting of Dev Patel in Dickens film". The Independent. 30 December 2019. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- Clarke, Donald. "Calm down online bores, colour-blind casting isn't 'woke'". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- Clarke, Cath (17 August 2018). "Why Dev Patel in Dickens could change film for ever". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- Agrawal, Aarushi (12 June 2020). "Artemis Fowl movie review: Adaptation of fascinating books reduced to Hollywood's formulaic young adult fantasy". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- Bernardoni, Angela (13 June 2020). "Artemis Fowl on Disney+: Give Reasons Why We Could Do Without It". Stay Nerd (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- Bh, Aparita (24 February 2020). "Canadian actor Hamza Haq, star of CTV's Transplant, on his immigrant parents, studying neuroscience and playing a doctor on TV". The Globe and Mail.
- Cohen, Anne. "Elle Fanning Was Born To Be An Outrageous, Messy Queen & The Great Is Proof". www.refinery29.com. Archived from the original on 16 June 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- Wiseman, Andreas (21 November 2018). "'Iron Fist' Actor Sacha Dhawan And 'Bounty Hunters' Actress Charity Wakefield Join Hulu's 'The Great'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
- Ibekwe, Desiree (10 June 2021). "How One Actress is Reshaping the Story of Anne Boleyn". The New York Times.
- "Why Dev Patel was cast as the lead in the Green Knight". Digital Spy. 20 September 2021.
- Kroll, Justin (24 September 2019). "'Cruella' Adds 'Killing Eve's' Kirby Howell-Baptiste Opposite Emma Stone (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety.
- Lee, Christina (19 November 2021) [2021-11-18]. "Netflix's 'Cowboy Bebop' reignites a debate: Is Jet Black a Black anime character?". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 1330888409.[please check these dates]
- "The Batman: Jeffrey Wright to Play Commissioner Jim Gordon". Collider. 23 September 2019.
- July 13, Nick Romano; EDT, 2022 at 02:00 PM. "'House of the Dragon' creator explains major change to House Velaryon". EW.com. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Renfro, Kim. "'House of the Dragon' showrunners reimagined some characters as Black because they didn't want it to be 'another bunch of white people on the screen'". Insider. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
- "When diversity casting hurts the plot, it hurts Black actors—and viewers | Opinion". Newsweek. 25 August 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
- "Lashana Lynch Explains How Her Version of Miss Honey Dismantles the 'Strong Black Woman' Trope in 'Matilda the Musical'". TheWrap. 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
- Griffin, Louise (2 December 2023). "It's a Sin star Nathaniel Curtis makes surprise Doctor Who appearance". Radio Times. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- REVIEW: Titanic the Musical – a show where the spirit of love proves unsinkable (7 October 2023) https://www.iambirmingham.co.uk/2023/04/18/review-titanic-musical-show-spirit-love-proves-unsinkable/amp/
- Jensen, Sharon. "The Non-Traditional Casting Project". National Endowment for the Arts. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
- "Actors' Equity Association Benefits: EEO & Diversity". Actors' Equity. Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
- Wilson, August (21 June 2016). "The Ground on Which I Stand". AmericanTheatre.org. American Theatre. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- Gelt, Jessica (13 July 2017). "Authenticity in casting: From 'colorblind' to 'color conscious', new rules are anything but black and white". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- Rana, Jaya (20 May 2020). "Are we blind to the need for blind casting? Jaya Rana discusses if the questions surronding [sic] 'non-traditional' casting can ever be answered". Cherwell.org. Cherwell - Oxford's Independent Student Newspaper. Archived from the original on 28 May 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- "The Guardian view on colour-conscious casting: mixing it up can be a good thing". The Guardian. 30 January 2019. Archived from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- Bria Hopkins, Kristin. "There's No Business Like Show Business: Abandoning Color-Blind Casting and Embracing Color-Conscious Casting in American Theatre" (PDF). Harvard Journal of Sports & Entertainment Law. 9: 141. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- Willcocks, Lydia. "Colour conscious casting should be prioritised". thebroadonline.com. The Broad Online. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- Paulson, Michael (21 May 2017). "A Black Actor in Virginia Woolf? Not Happening, Albee Estate Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- "Berry is top candidate to play white Democrat", The Guardian, 10 October 2006.
- A. N. Wilson, "I'm ready for a black Miss Marple", The Telegraph, 21 April 2002.