The Communist Party of Tajikistan (Tajik: Ҳизби Коммунистии Тоҷикистон, Hizbi Kommunistiyi Tojikiston; Russian: Коммунистическая партия Таджикистана, romanized: Kommunisticheskaya partiya Tadzhikistana) is a communist party in Tajikistan, and the oldest political party in the country. The party was founded on 6 January 1924 and was the ruling party of the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1924 to 1929 and the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1990 as part of the Soviet Union as a republican branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It was banned in 1991 following the 1991 coup.

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Communist Party of Tajikistan Ҳизби коммунистии Тоҷикистон Коммунистическая партия Таджикистана
Abbreviation	CPT (English) HKT (Tajik) KPT (Russian)
Leader	Miroj Abdulloyev
Founded	6 December 1924
Headquarters	Fatekh Niyazi 37, Dushanbe. 734002
Membership (2020)	52,000
Ideology	Communism Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism
Political position	Far-left
National affiliation	Communist Party of the Soviet Union (until 1991)
Regional affiliation	UCP–CPSU
International affiliation	Comintern (1924–1943) Cominform (1947–1956) IMCWP
Colours	Red
Slogan	Workers of the world, unite
Anthem	The Internationale
Assembly of Representatives	2 / 61
Website
kpt.freenet.tj
Politics of Tajikistan Political parties Elections

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The CPT is a based on the concept of democratic centralism, a principle conceived by Russian Marxist Vladimir Lenin, that entails democratic and open discussion of policy issues within the party followed by the requirement of total unity in upholding the agreed policies. The highest institution of the party was the Party Congress, which elects the Central Committee. In between party congresses, the Central Committee is the highest decision-making organ regarding party affairs. After a party congress, the Central Committee elects the Politburo, as well as the First Secretary, the highest party officer. In between sessions of the Central Committee, the Politburo is the highest decision-making body.

The party is committed to communism and participates in the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties, an annual international forum of communist parties. According to the party statute, the party adheres to Marxism–Leninism, based on the writings of Vladimir Lenin and Karl Marx, and formalized under Joseph Stalin. The party had pursued state socialism,^[1] under which all industries were nationalized and a command economy was introduced. Prior to the adoption of central planning in 1929, Lenin had introduced a mixed economy, commonly referred to as the New Economic Policy, in the 1920s, which allowed to introduce certain capitalist elements in the Soviet economy. This changed upon the ascension of Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985 when he and his allies envisioned the introduction of an economy similar to Lenin's earlier New Economic Policy through a program of "perestroika", or restructuring, but their reforms, leading to the unraveling of the CPT in the 1990 Dushanbe riots, the banning of the CPT in 1991 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The party managed to remain in power until 2000 when it was overtaken by the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan but the party improved when it won 13.97% of the popular vote and 4 out of 63 seats in the 2005 election.^[2]

Today, the party is affiliated to the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

• First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan