Coolamon Shire is a local government area in the Riverina region of south-western New South Wales, Australia. The Shire comprises 2,433 square kilometres (939 sq mi) and is located adjacent to the Newell Highway and the Burley Griffin Way. The Shire includes the towns of Coolamon, Ganmain, and Ardlethan, and the villages of Matong, Marrar, and Beckom.

The mayor of the Coolamon Shire Council is Cr. David McCann, an independent politician.^[4]

Coolamon Shire was first incorporated on 6 March 1906 by a Proclamation under the Local Government (Shires) Act 1905.^[5] The boundaries of the Shire were defined as:

Commencing at the most westerly south-west corner of the parish of Elliott, county of Bourke; and bounded thence by the boundaries dividing the parishes of Berrembed, Lupton, Bourke, Fennel, and Boblegigbie from the parishes of Elliott, Ashbridge, Cowabbie, and Walleroobie generally northerly and westerly to the east boundary of the county of Cooper; by part of that boundary northerly to the south-west corner of Bygoo holding; by the southern boundary of that holding easterly, the western and northern boundaries of conditional lease 5,464, parish of Ramsay, county of Bourke, generally north-easterly; by the eastern boundary of the holding northerly, and the northern boundary of Ariah holding easterly to the eastern boundary of the parish of Ariah; by that boundary and the eastern boundary of the parish of Bungambil southerly, part of the northern and the eastern boundaries of the parish of Yarranjerry easterly and southerly; by the northern boundaries of the parishes of Methul and Robertson to the west boundary of the parish of Mimosa; thence by the western and southern boundaries of that parish south-easterly and easterly to the eastern boundary of the county; by that boundary southerly to the south boundary of the parish of Marror; by the south boundary of that parish and the parishes of Coolamon, Derry and Elliott generally westerly, to the point of commencement.

On 15 May 1906 a Temporary Council of five members was appointed by Proclamation. The temporary councillors were: Henry Doubleday, David Hannah, William Henry Rowston, William Steele and George Webb.^[6]

The first meeting of the temporary Shire Council was held on 12 June 1906 in the Coolamon Court House. At this meeting Councillor William Rowston was elected as the chairman and the council resolved to nominate Mr J.E.A Florance as shire secretary, subject to ministerial approval.^[7][8][9] The Council was initially divided into three "Ridings" each returning two councillors. The first elections to the council took place on Saturday 24 November 1906. With only the "A Riding" being contested.^[10]

The councillors elected in the inaugural election were: Riding A - William Rowston and Thomas Joseph Kelly; Riding B - Henry Doubleday and Thomas E. Lucas; Riding C - John Poiner and Randal King Pike. ^[10]

The first meeting of the permanent Shire Council was held on 10 December 1906 at which Cr. Henry Doubleday was elected as the first President.^[11]

On 01 May 1912 the Coolamon Urban Area was Proclaimed, increasing the Council's powers to that of a municipality in respect of that Urban Area.^[12] Ganmain and Ardlethan were likewise proclaimed as Urban Areas on 14 Oct 1914.^[13]