Tropical Cyclone Herbie was the only known tropical system to impact Western Australia during the month of May on record. The final cyclone of the 1987–88 Australian region cyclone season, Herbie was first identified northwest of the Cocos Islands on 17May. The following day, the system was classified as a tropical low by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and intensified into a Category1 cyclone later that day. Several hours after this upgrade, the storm attained its initial peak intensity with winds of 75km/h (45mph 10-minute sustained). Around the same time, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center classified Herbie as Tropical Storm 21S.
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Tropical Cyclone Herbie
Cyclone Herbie approaching Western Australia on 20May
On 19May, the cyclone formed a new low-pressure center and relocated roughly 300km (190mi) south. Shortly thereafter, the storm began to accelerate towards the southeast and started to undergo an extratropical transition. Early on 21May, Herbie made landfall in Shark Bay before losing its identity the following day over the Great Australian Bight. Although a weak storm, Herbie brought flooding rains and severe dust storms to portions of Western Australia. Additionally, a 30,000ton freighter broke in half amidst rough seas produced by the storm. Total losses from the storm reached A$20million (US$15.6million). Due to the significant damage wrought by Herbie, the name was retired following its use.
Meteorological history
Tropical Cyclone Herbie originated from an area of low pressure on 17May 1988 northwest of the Cocos Islands. Later that day, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology began monitoring the system as a tropical low.[1] Several hours after, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) classified the system as Tropical Depression 21S, having attained winds of 45km/h (30mph 1-minute sustained).[2] Following slight development, the system intensified into a Category1 cyclone and was given the name Herbie by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology early on 18May.[1][3] Several hours after being named, the storm attained its initial peak intensity with winds of 75km/h (45mph 10-minute sustained) and a barometric pressure of 990hPa (mbar).[3]
Around the same time, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm, estimating the cyclone to have attained peak winds of 65km/h (40mph 1-minute sustained).[2] On 19May, satellite imagery of the system depicted that a new low pressure centre had developed roughly 300km (190mi) south of the original low.[1] Several hours after the relocation, the JTWC downgraded Herbie to a tropical depression as the system's movement began to accelerate towards the southeast.[1][2] As the storm moved at a rapid speed towards the coastline of Western Australia, it began to undergo an extratropical transition. During a 24-hour period (20–21 May) Herbie tracked roughly 1,500km (930mi), with the movement of the storm reaching 70km/h (43mph) at times.[1]
Late on 20May, the JTWC ceased advisories on the system as it weakened below tropical depression status offshore.[2] However, the Bureau of Meteorology continued to monitor the system. Early on 21May, the center of Herbie made landfall in Shark Bay with wind gusts up to 120km/h (75mph) and a pressure of 980hPa (mbar). Due to the rapid movement of the storm, it reached the Great Australian Bight while retaining tropical characteristics despite its low-latitude. Early on 22May, the system lost its identity south of Australia as an extratropical cyclone.[1]
Impact
Although a weak storm, its fast approach allowed for little preparation. According to officials in the coastal town of Denham, "..the cyclone struck virtually without warning." Most tourists staying in the region evacuated the day before Herbie's arrival.[4] Herbie caused moderate structural damage across Western Australia in coastal areas between Carnarvon and Denham. Banana plantations within this area also sustained extensive damage.[1] In Denham, a storm surge of 2m (6.6ft) broke the town's retaining wall and flooded low-lying areas along the shore.[1][5] Several fishing vessels were brought inland by the surge and left beached on streets once the water subsided.[1] About 15 homes in Denham lost their roofs after wind gusts estimated at 160km/h (99mph) battered the town.[4][6] Due to the storms extratropical transition, areas south of Herbie received moderate to heavy rainfall while areas north of the center reported severe dust storms fueled by the cyclone's high winds. Most areas affected by the storms rain recorded around 50mm (2.0in) with isolated totals near 100mm (3.9in).[1] The Irwin and Greenough Rivers overflowed their banks, inundating parts of Dongara.[7] In all, the storm wrought approximately A$20million worth of structural and agricultural damage in Western Australia.[8]
Offshore, a 30,000ton freighter, the MV Korean Star, sustained extreme damage during the storm. Rough seas caused the hull of the ship to break and the vessel was separated into two pieces. Although the freighter was in two pieces, the ship did not sink and the wreckage of it came ashore near Cape Cuvier.[1] No one on the ship sustained injury as all 19 crew members abandoned ship.[9] The crew was rescued within a day of sustaining the damage and flown to Carnarvon.[4]
In the wake of the storm, the town hall in Denham was converted into a temporary shelter for the homeless.[6] Repair to damaged roofs and downed power lines began on 22May.[4] Within a few days of the storm's passage, appeals were made for relief funds in regions affected by Herbie.[10] Although the storm caused relatively little damage, the name Herbie was retired following its usage and will never be used again to name a tropical cyclone in the Australian region.[11]
This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Cyclone_Herbie, and is written by contributors.
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