The book's introduction is written by Gheorghe Șincai and it is a synthesis of historic and linguistic views held by the Transylvanian School.[2][3]
The main body of the book is divided into four parts: De ortographia, De etymologhia, De syntaxi, and an Appendix containing a chapter about "the formation of Daco-Roman words from the Latin ones".[2]
De ortographia is important because the author describes the changes from Latin phonemes to Romanian ones. Lacking the corresponding letters to mark the sounds for /ə/, /ɨ/, /c/, /ɡ/, /t͡s/, /ʃ/, /t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/ Samuil Micu-Klein appealed to similarities to other language like German, Italian, or Hungarian, opting for a less phonemic orthography than the one used in the current writing system, with rules derived from Latin orthography to designate the new sounds of the language. For example á or aa would stand for standard /a/ sound, while a without an accent would represent the schwa sound, nowadays written as ă.[2]
A study done on the vocabulary from the last part of the Appendix showed a total of 486 words, 334 of which being of Latin origin, 117 loanwords from contact languages (representing 24,07% of the total), 18 loanwords from Modern Latin, 4 words formed internally (fărdezeu, maimari, necăsătorință, zioară) and another 4 of unknown origin (cioareci, pânză, prunc, sein).[2]