Endemic_birds_of_Madagascar_and_western_Indian_Ocean_islands

Endemic birds of Madagascar and western Indian Ocean islands

Endemic birds of Madagascar and western Indian Ocean islands

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This article is one of a series providing information about endemism among birds in the world's various zoogeographic zones. For an overview of this subject see Endemism in birds.

Patterns of endemism

This region is notable not just for the high number of endemic species, but for endemism in higher-level taxonomic groupings too.

Order-level endemism

Two orders are endemic to Madagascar or the wider region:

  • Mesites are placed within the Mesitornithiformes, an order containing three species in two genera.
  • The cuckoo-roller is placed in the monotypic order Leptosomiformes. It is endemic to the wider region, as its single species is present on both Madagascar and Comores.

Family-level endemism

The following three families are endemic to Madagascar:

One other family is endemic to the wider region:

  • The vangas, an oscine passerine family, containing sixteen species in eleven genera are endemic to the region. All but one species are confined to Madagascar, the sole exception being the Comoro blue vanga, restricted to Comores.

Subfamily-level endemism

Endemic Bird Areas

In Madagascar, the total wealth of known terrestrial is about 5,800 species (and 2,500 pending description), and 86 percent are endemic to the island.

[1]

List of species

Species endemic to Madagascar

The following is a list of species endemic to Madagascar.

Non-passerines

Passerines

Note that:

  • Madagascar partridge is endemic as a native species to Madagascar, but has been introduced on the Mascarenes
  • Madagascar buttonquail is endemic as a native species to Madagascar, but has been introduced on the Mascarenes
  • Madagascar turtle dove is endemic as a native species to Madagascar, but is thought to be an introduced species on the other islands in the region
  • Grey-headed lovebird is endemic as a native species to Madagascar, but has been introduced to the Comoro Islands
  • Madagascar fody is endemic as a native species to Madagascar, but has been introduced to many of the other islands in the region
  • The Elephant bird is now extinct.

Species endemic to other islands or island groups in the region

The following is a list of species endemic to other islands.

Species endemic to the Mascarene group

Species endemic to the Comoros

Species endemic to central Seychelles

Species endemic to the Aldabra islands

There are native Madagascar turtle doves in the Aldabra group (separate races from those found on Madagascar); they may represent a separate species.

Other species endemic to the region

The following is a list of species which are not endemic to a specific island (or island group) but are endemic to the region as a whole.

Near-endemics

The following is a list of species endemic to the region as breeding species:

Two Western Palearctic falcons winter entirely (Eleonora's falcon) or mainly (sooty falcon) on Madagascar.

References

  1. [1]
    "Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands - Species | CEPF". www.cepf.net. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
  • Sinclair, Ian and Olivier Langrand (2003) Birds of the Indian Ocean Islands
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