Eran_Elinav

Eran Elinav

Eran Elinav

Israeli immunologist

Eran Elinav (born 22 June 1969 in Jerusalem, Israel) is an Israeli immunologist[1] and microbiota researcher[2] at the Weizmann Institute of Science[3] and the DKFZ.[4]

Quick Facts Born, Citizenship ...

He is an international scholar at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation[5] and a senior fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advance Research (CIFAR).[6]

Academic and medical career

Elinav earned a M.D. from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1999. Following an internship and residency in internal medicine at the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center in 2000–2004.

He served as a senior physician-scientist at the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease in 2005–2009.[2]

In 2009 Elinav earned a Ph.D. in immunology from the Weizmann Institute of Science, advised by Zelig Eshhar, after developing the Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T cell (CAR-Treg) approach,[7] as treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmunity. In 2009-2012 he followed by a post-doc at Yale University, advised by Richard Anthony Flavell, in which he discovered the NLRP6 inflammasome.[8]

In 2012 Elinav moved to the Weizmann Institute of Science and in 2016 was made a professor.[3] He heads the Institute of Microbiome research[9] and the Center of Host-Pathogen Interaction Research at the Weizmann Institute of Science and the Microbiome & Cancer Division at the DKFZ.[4] Since 2022, he heads the Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science.

Research

Elinav studies the molecular basis of host-microbiota interactions,[10] and their effects of diet,[11][12] environmental factors,[13] immune function[14] and host genetics[15] on the intestinal microbiome and associated multi-factorial metabolic,[16][17] inflammatory,[18] malignant[19] and neurogenerative disease.[20][21] His most-cited papers have more than 2,000 cites each.[22]

Elinav developed precision microbiota interventions, including Personalized Nutrition,[23][24] Precision Probiotics,[25] small molecule ″postbiotics″,[12] Phage Therapy,[26] [27] autologous fecal microbiome transplantation,[28][29] Vaginal Microbiome Transplantation (VMT) [30][31] and gut epithelial[32][33] interventions.

Personalized Nutrition

In 2014 Elinav discovered that people consuming identical foods and additives, such as non-nutritive sweeteners,[23][34] general foods[24] and bread,[35][36] feature a unique and personalized glycemic response, thereby potentially explaining the lack of uniform metabolic responses to generalized dietary approaches. [37]Personalized dietary recommendations,[38] based on individualized dietary, [39]clinical and microbiota data, improved pre-diabetes control.[24] He similarly showed, that consumption of probiotics[40] leads to a person-specific colonization resistance and physiological patterns.[41]

Nutritional timing and the Microbiota

Elinav discovered, that the gut microbiota features a compositional and functional diurnal activity during a 24-hour cycle, which is dictated by host and environmental factors, mainly by the timing in food consumption. [42][43] These microbiota diurnal activities are tightly coordinated with the host gastrointestinal and systemic circadian activity,[44] while disruption of circadian activity by jet-lag[45] or shift work may lead to alterations in the microbiota behavior, which contribute to the development of common metabolic,[43] immune[18] and liver diseases.[46][44]

Awards and recognition

Elinav was awarded the Rappaport prize for biomedical research in 2015,[47] the Levinson award for basic science research in 2016,[48] the Landau prize of Immunology in 2018[49] and was inducted to the American Academy of Microbiology in 2021.[50]

References

  1. [1]
    Elinav, Eran (2019). "No guts, no research glory". Nature Medicine. 25 (2): 196. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0342-5. PMID 30728539. S2CID 256840579.
  2. [2]
    Houston, Stephanie (30 November 2018). "Eran Elinav: Beyond the microbiome". Journal of Experimental Medicine (JEM). Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  3. [3]
    "ElinavLab". Weizmann Institute of Science. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  4. [4]
    "Division of Microbiome and Cancer – Prof. Dr. Eran Elinav". German Cancer Research Center. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
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    "Eran Elinav, MD, PhD – HHMI-Gates International Research Scholar". Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
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    "Eran Elinav". Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
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    Elinav, E., Waks, T., and Eshhar, Z. 2008. Redirection of regulatory T cells with predetermined specificity for the treatment of experimental colitis in mice. Gastroenterology 134:2014-2024. PMID 18424268.
  8. [8]
    Elinav, E., Strowig, T., Kau, A.L., Henao-Mejia, J., Thaiss, C.A., Booth, C.J., Peaper, D.R., Bertin, J., Eisenbarth, S.C., Gordon, J.I., Flavell, R.A. 2011. NLRP6 inflammasome regulates colonic microbial ecology and risk for colitis. Cell 145:745-757. PMID 21565393.
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    "The Institute for Microbiome Research". Weizmann Institute of Science. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
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    Graedon, Terry (12 November 2019). "How Do You Feed Your Microbiota?". The People’s Pharmacy. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
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    Akhter, Shahid (6 July 2019). "Blood sugar levels response to food are highly individualized : Dr Eran Elinav". The Economic Times. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
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    Thaiss CA, Itav S, Rothschild D, Meijer M, Levy M, Moresi C, Dohnalova L, Braverman S, Rozin S, Malitsky S, Dori-Bachash M, Kuperman Y, Biton I, Gertler A, Harmelin A, Shapiro H, Halpern Z, Aharoni A, Segal E, Elinav E. 2016. Persistent microbiome alterations modulate the rate of post-dieting weight regain. Nature, 540, 544-551. PMID 27906159.
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    Koren T, Ze'evi D, Suez J, Weinberger A, Avnit-Sagi T, Pompan-Lotan M, Matot E, Jona G, Harmelin A, Cohen N, Sirota-Madi A, Thaiss CA, Pevsner-Fischer M, Sorek R, Xavier R, Elinav E (co-corresponding co-last author), Segal E. 2015. Growth dynamics of gut microbiota in health and disease inferred from single metagenomic samples. Science 349(6252):1101-6. PMID 26229116.
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    Levy M, Thaiss CA, Ze'evi D, Dohnalova L, Zilberman-Schapira G, Ali Mahdi J, David E, Savidor A, Korem T, Herzig Y, Pevsner-Fischer M, Shapiro H, Christ A, Harmelin A, Halpern Z, Latz E, Flavell RA, Amit I, Segal E, Elinav E. 2015. Microbiota-modulated metabolites shape the  intestinal microenvironment by regulating NLRP6 inflammasome signaling. Cell, 163(6), 1428–1443. PMID 26638072.
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    Rothschild D, Omer Weissbrod O, Barkan E, Kurilshikov A, Korem T, Zeevi D, Costea PI, Shilo S, Lador D, Godneva A, Kalka IA, Bar N, Vilq VA, ZmorA N, Pevsner-Fischer M, Israeli D, Kosower N, Malka G, Wolf BC, Avnit-Sagi T, Lotan-Pompan M, Weinberger A, Halpern Z, Carmi S, Fu J, Lifelines cohort study, Wijmenga C, Zhernakova A, Elinav E (co-corresponding last author), Eran Segal. 2018. Environmental factors dominate over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota composition. Nature, 555(7695):210-15. PMID 29489753.
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    Stein-Thoeringer, C. K.; et al. (22 April 2023). "A non-antibiotic-disrupted gut microbiome associated with clinical responses to CD19-CAR-T cell cancer immunotherapy". Nature Medicine. 29 (4): 906–916. doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02234-6. PMC 10121864. PMID 36914893.
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