Guinevere_Castle

Guinevere Castle

Guinevere Castle

Landform in the Grand Canyon, Arizona

Guinevere Castle is a 7,281-foot-elevation (2,219 meter) summit located in the Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of northern Arizona, US.[2] It is situated one-half mile southeast of King Arthur Castle, one mile west of Excalibur, and 2.5 miles northeast of Evans Butte, within the Shinumo Amphitheater. Topographic relief is significant as it rises 5,000 feet (1,524  meters) above the Colorado River in 4.5 miles (7.2 km), and 2,600 feet above Gawain Abyss in one mile. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Guinevere Castle is located in a cold semi-arid climate zone.[4]

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History

Clarence Dutton started the tradition of naming geographical features in the Grand Canyon after mythological deities and heroic figures.[5] Guinevere Castle was named by cartographer Richard Tranter Evans (1881–1966), after Guinevere, queen and wife of King Arthur, in keeping with an Arthurian naming theme for other geographical features in the vicinity, e.g. King Arthur Castle, Elaine Castle, Excalibur, Gawain Abyss, Bedivere Point, Lancelot Point, Holy Grail Temple, and Galahad Point.[6] This feature's name was officially adopted in 1908 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.[2] Harvey Butchart climbed both King Arthur Castle and Guinevere Castle on August 25, 1965, placing the first cairn on Guinevere, but was not the first person there as he found evidence that Native Americans had been there, namely a shelter and a granary.[7][8] King Arthur and Guinevere became the 34th and 35th of the 83 summits Butchart would climb in the Grand Canyon.[9]

Geology

The summit is composed of Permian Kaibab Limestone and cream-colored Permian Coconino Sandstone. This sandstone, which is the third-youngest stratum in the Grand Canyon, was deposited 265 million years ago as sand dunes. Below the Coconino Sandstone is reddish slope-forming, Permian Hermit Formation, which in turn overlays the Pennsylvanian-Permian Supai Group. Further down are strata of the cliff-forming Mississippian Redwall Limestone, and slope-forming Cambrian Tonto Group.[10] Precipitation runoff from Guinevere Castle drains west to the Colorado River via Shinumo Creek.

See also

References

  1. [1]
    "Guinevere Castle – 7,344' AZ". Lists of John. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  2. [2]
    "Guinevere Castle". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  3. [3]
    John Annerino, Hiking the Grand Canyon, 2017, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 9781510714984, page 73.
  4. [4]
    Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen−Geiger climate classification". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11. ISSN 1027-5606.
  5. [5]
    Randy Moore and Kara Felicia Witt, The Grand Canyon: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture, 2018, ABC-CLIO Publisher, page 151.
  6. [6]
    Gregory McNamee, Grand Canyon Place Names, 1997, Mountaineers Publisher, ISBN 9780898865332, page 58.
  7. [7]
    Harvey Butchart’s Hiking Log – Detailed Hiking Log (January 22, 1965 – September 25, 1965)
  8. [8]
    John Annerino, Adventuring in Arizona, 1991, Sierra Club Books, page 326.
  9. [9]
    Harvey Butchart’s Hiking Log – Detailed Hiking Log (January 22, 1965 – September 25, 1965)
  10. [10]
    N.H. Darton, Story of the Grand Canyon of Arizona, 1917.
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