Five vessels of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Harlequin.

• HMS Harlequin (1796) was a schooner of 14 guns, purchased in 1796 in the West Indies and still listed in 1802.
• HMS Harlequin (1813) was a Cruizer-class brig-sloop of 18 guns, launched in 1813 and sold in Jamaica in 1829.
• HMS Harlequin (1814) was an American gunboat captured at the Battle of Lake Borgne on 14 December 1814.^[1] Lieutenant James Hunter, who had been wounded at the battle, was appointed to command her with a commission dated 27 February 1815, and she was paid off in June 1815.^[2] The Admiralty formally purchased her in 1815 in the West Indies and she was still listed as a tender in Bermuda in 1816.^[3] Prize money for her and the other vessels captured at the battle was paid in July 1821.^[4]
• HMS Harlequin (1836) was a brig-sloop of 16 guns launched in 1836, converted to a coal hulk in 1860 and sold in 1889.
• HMS Harlequin was a wood screw sloop of 950 tons burthen (bm), laid down at Portsmouth Dockyard on 13 February 1861 and cancelled on 16 February 1864.

The Royal Navy also employed a hired armed ship Harlequin in 1804; she was wrecked on 7 December 1809.