Humanitarian engineering is the application of engineering for humanitarian aid purposes. As a meta-discipline of engineering, humanitarian engineering combines multiple engineering disciplines in order to address many of the world's crises and humanitarian emergencies, especially to improve the well-being of marginalized populations.^[1]

Encyclopædia Britannica defines humanitarian engineering as:

Humanitarian engineering, the application of engineering to improving the well-being of marginalized people and disadvantaged communities, usually in the developing world. Humanitarian engineering typically focuses on programs that are affordable, sustainable, and based on local resources. Projects are typically community-driven and cross-disciplinary, and they focus on finding simple solutions to basic needs (such as close access to clean water; adequate heat, shelter, and sanitation; and reliable pathways to markets).^[2]

The phrase "humanitarian engineering" was in little use before the early 2000s. Usage of the phrase "humanitarian engineering" practically does not exist in any professional literature from the 1800s to the year 2000.^[3]

However, the concept of utilizing engineering as a mechanism of promoting societal welfare has existed since the early days of the discipline.^[4] It evolved out of the creation of an engineering code of ethics as well as the acceptance of engineering ethics as a whole. While, initially, the notion of ethics was associated with personal decision, over time, a general framework of what an engineer ought to do became established. The creation of organizations such as the National Society of Professional Engineers furthered this trend, as many such organizations began to adopt codes of ethics specifically meant to create an ethics framework for engineers. Within these codes of ethics, obligations that engineers have to society were explicitly stated including ideas like: "Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interest."^[5] This evolved into the creation of humanitarian engineering projects meant to promote societal welfare. As a result, in the early days of the discipline, humanitarian engineering was really only an application of engineering ethics as well as something that was just a part of individual engineering disciplines.

As a discipline of study, though, it was around 2003, when the Colorado School of Mines created the first humanitarian engineering minor, that humanitarian engineering truly gained more recognition.^[6] Over time, as more and more universities have created programs explicitly for humanitarian engineering, it has grown as a standalone discipline, rather than just an implicit part of general engineering discipline.  

Most engineering disciplines have a code of ethics that encourage working to improve the general welfare. For example, the Institute of Civil Engineers actively encourages the utilization of civil engineering in humanitarian work, calling it the "highest calling" of the occupation. Active work in the field ranges from an understanding of safety in humanitarian projects, to case studies on road building, refugee camps, footbridges, disaster response, housing and environmental clean-up.^[7] Likewise, organizations for other disciplines such as chemical engineering, environmental engineering, mechanical engineering, and biomedical engineering also encourage applying their respective disciplines for humanitarian engineering. This is coupled with the fact that many organizations, especially universities, conduct humanitarian engineering products utilizing skills from specific disciplines.^[8]

An education in humanitarian engineering incorporates history, politics, economics, sociology, language, as well as rigorous engineering basics. Several universities in the United States focus efforts on Humanitarian Engineering:

Colorado School of Mines was the first school in the U.S. to offer Humanitarian Engineering as a minor.^[20] The Colorado School of Mines' Humanitarian Engineering program currently offers minors in Engineering for Community Development and Leadership in Social Responsibility, and a master's degree in Humanitarian Engineering.^[6]

Ohio State University, which also offers a minor in the field, has many local and international service projects, courses, and research in Humanitarian Engineering. OSU has been engaged in humanitarian engineering since 1979, and has grown to fully involve students since 2004.^[21] Some of their student organizations include Engineers for Community Service (ECOS), who completed a project at an orphanage in Montaña de Luz to help children affected by HIV/AIDS. In 2012, the Humanitarian Engineering Scholars (HES) program was formed, followed by a general Humanitarian Engineering course, and a Humanitarian Engineering Minor in 2014.^[22]

The University of Texas at Austin Cockrell School of Engineering began a humanitarian engineering program in 2010 with a field program called Projects for Underserved Communities. The program expanded to include a yearlong Humanitarian Product Development program and study abroad programs. An 18-credit hour Humanitarian Engineering Certificate is available for undergraduate students. ^[23]

Oregon State University offers an undergraduate minor based on a set of Humanitarian Engineering, Science and Technology (HEST) courses including an international field course, as well as undergraduate and graduate research, capstone design projects with international partners, and a graduate fellowship program.^[24] The department has also planned and led projects in places such as Uganda, Guatemala, and Pakistan.^[25]

Drexel University offers a master's degree in Peace Engineering following some of the same humanitarian principles and includes a graduate level co-op where students can apply the concepts in the field in places such as refugee camps.^[26]

Villanova University has a program in Humanitarian Engineering with roots that go as far back as the early 1990s. The establishment of a program in Engineering Service-Learning which started in 2004 has since evolved into the Center for Humanitarian Engineering and International Development (C4HE) in 2019. The establishment of the C4HE has created a foundation for vertical and horizontal integration of international outreach where engineering students from all disciplines and all years, including graduate students, provide technical support to global non-profit organization via engineering design, capacity building, and research on sustainable development.[27][28]

Other schools such as Arizona State University, Purdue University, Penn State University, Dartmouth College, and many others have begun to offer majors, minors, and graduate programs in Humanitarian Engineering.

• International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering: Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship (IJSLE)
• Journal of Humanitarian Engineering - Engineers Without Borders Australia
• International Journal For Service Learning in Engineering

• Engineering for Change
• Appropriate technology
• Humanitarian aid
• Grand Challenges