Origin

It is the smaller of the two terminal branches of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery.^{[citation needed]}

Course

It passes posterior-ward within parietal pelvic fascia. It travels in between the S1 nerve and S2 (or S2-S3) nerve(s).^[1] It descends upon the nerves of the sacral plexus and the piriformis muscle, posterior to the internal pudendal artery. It passes through the inferior part of the greater sciatic foramen.^[2] It exits the pelvis inferior to the piriformis muscle,^[1] between piriformis muscle and coccygeus muscle.^{[citation needed]}

It then descends in the interval between the greater trochanter of the femur and tuberosity of the ischium. It is accompanied by the sciatic nerve and the posterior femoral cutaneous nerves, and covered by the gluteus maximus.^[2] It is situated medial to the sciatic nerve.^[1] It continues down the back of the thigh, supplying the skin, and anastomosing with branches of the perforating arteries.^{[citation needed]}

Distribution

The inferior gluteal artery provides arterial supply to the gluteus maximus, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, and (the superior parts of) the hamstring muscles (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris muscles).^[1]

Anastomoses

It forms anastomoses with the superior gluteal artery. It frequently participates in the formation of the cruciate anastomosis of the thigh.^[1]