Jack_Crawford_(tennis)
Jack Crawford (tennis)
Australian tennis player (1908–1991)
John Herbert Crawford, OBE (22 March 1908 – 10 September 1991) was an Australian tennis player during the 1930s. He was the World No. 1 amateur for 1933, during which year he won the Australian Open, the French Open, and Wimbledon, and was runner-up at the U.S. Open in five sets, thus missing the Grand Slam by one set that year.[2] He also won the Australian Open in 1931, 1932, and 1935. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1979.
| Full name | John Herbert Crawford |
|---|---|
| Country (sports) |  Australia |
| Born | (1908-03-22)22 March 1908 Urangeline, New South Wales, Australia |
| Died | 10 September 1991(1991-09-10) (aged 83) Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) |
| Turned pro | 1926 (amateur tour) |
| Retired | 1951 |
| Plays | Right-handed (one-handed backhand) |
| Int. Tennis HoF | 1979 (member page) |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 681-182 (78.9%)[1] |
| Career titles | 66[1] |
| Highest ranking | No. 1 (1933, A. Wallis Myers)[2] |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| Australian Open | W (1931, 1932, 1933, 1935) |
| French Open | W (1933) |
| Wimbledon | W (1933) |
| US Open | F (1933) |
| Doubles | |
| Grand Slam doubles results | |
| Australian Open | W (1929, 1930, 1932, 1935) |
| French Open | W (1935) |
| Wimbledon | W (1935) |
| US Open | F (1939) |
| Grand Slam mixed doubles results | |
| Australian Open | W (1931, 1932, 1933) |
| French Open | W (1933) |
| Wimbledon | W (1935) |
Crawford was born on 22 March 1908 in Urangeline, near Albury, New South Wales, the second youngest child of Jack Sr. and Lottie Crawford.[3] He had no tennis training as a child and practised mainly by hitting against the house and school and playing his older brother.[3] Crawford played his first competition match at age 12 in a mixed doubles match at the Haberfield club.[4] He won the Australian junior championships four consecutive times from 1926 to 1929 which entitled him to the permanent possession of the trophy.[5]
Although he won a number of major championship titles he is perhaps best known for something he did not do – complete the tennis Grand Slam in 1933, five years before Don Budge accomplished the feat for the first time in 1938.
In 1933, Crawford won the Australian Championships, French Championships, and Wimbledon Championships, leaving him needing to win the U.S. Championships to complete the Grand Slam.[6] An asthmatic who suffered in the muggy summer heat of Forest Hills, Crawford was leading the Englishman Fred Perry in the final of the US Championships by two sets to one when his strength began to fade. It was said that Crawford was an asthmatic who frequently took brandy mixed with sugar to help his breathing during matches, and on the muggy afternoon in Forest Hills he was said to have downed two or three doses of the concoction, though there are differing accounts of what Crawford actually drank. Crawford ended up losing the match by the final score of 3–6, 13–11, 6–4, 0–6, 1–6.
Crawford was ranked World No. 1 amateur in 1933 by A. Wallis Myers,[7] Bernard Brown,[8] Pierre Gillou,[9] Didier Poulain,[10] John R. Tunis[11][12] (The Literary Digest), Harry Hopman[13] (Melbourne Herald), Alfred Chave (Brisbane Telegraph),[14] "Set" (The West Australian)[15] and Ellsworth Vines.[16]
Crawford exacted some measure of revenge against Perry at the 1935 Australian, winning the final against Perry in four sets. Historically, he was competing in his tenth straight major final, a record matched only by Big Bill Tilden and then joined by Roger Federer. He advanced to his last Australian finals in 1936 and 1940, felled each time by fellow Aussie Adrian Quist, but he had set a record by making seven Australian finals appearances, equaled only by Roy Emerson in 1967.
In his 1979 autobiography Jack Kramer, the long-time tennis promoter and great player himself, included Crawford in his list of the 21 greatest players of all time.[17]
Crawford was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island in 1979 and into the Australian Tennis Hall of Fame in 1997. He was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1977 New Year Honours for his services to sport.[18]
Crawford was a right-handed baseline player with a game that was based more on technical skills and accuracy than on power. He was not particularly fast but had excellent anticipation and his game was described as fluent and effortless. His style was compared with Henri Cochet. Crawford always wore long, white pressed flannels and a long-sleeved shirt.[19] He played with an old-fashioned flat-topped racket produced by the Alexander Patent Racket Company in Launceston, Tasmania.[20]
Singles: 12 (6 titles, 6 runners-up)
| Result | Year | Championship | Surface | Opponent | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Win | 1931 | Australian Championships | Grass | Harry Hopman | 6–4, 6–2, 2–6, 6–1 |
| Win | 1932 | Australian Championships | Grass | Harry Hopman | 4–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 6–1 |
| Win | 1933 | Australian Championships | Grass |  Keith Gledhill | 2–6, 7–5, 6–3, 6–2 |
| Win | 1933 | French Championships | Clay |  Henri Cochet | 8–6, 6–1, 6–3 |
| Win | 1933 | Wimbledon Championships | Grass | Ellsworth Vines | 4–6, 11–9, 6–2, 2–6, 6–4 |
| Loss | 1933 | U.S. Championships | Grass |  Fred Perry | 3–6, 13–11, 6–4, 0–6, 1–6 |
| Loss | 1934 | Australian Championships | Grass | Fred Perry | 3–6, 5–7, 1–6 |
| Loss | 1934 | French Championships | Clay |  Gottfried von Cramm | 4–6, 9–7, 6–3, 5–7, 3–6 |
| Loss | 1934 | Wimbledon Championships | Grass | Fred Perry | 3–6, 0–6, 5–7 |
| Win | 1935 | Australian Championships | Grass | Fred Perry | 2–6, 6–4, 6–4, 6–4 |
| Loss | 1936 | Australian Championships | Grass | Adrian Quist | 2–6, 3–6, 6–4, 6–3, 7–9 |
| Loss | 1940 | Australian Championships | Grass | Adrian Quist | 3–6, 1–6, 2–6 |
Doubles: 12 (6 titles, 6 runners-up)
| Result | Year | Championship | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Win | 1929 | Australian Championships | Grass | Harry Hopman | Jack Cummings Edgar Moon | 6–1, 6–8, 4–6, 6–1, 6–3 |
| Win | 1930 | Australian Championships | Grass | Harry Hopman | Tim Fitchett John Hawkes | 8–6, 6–1, 2–6, 6–3 |
| Loss | 1931 | Australian Championships | Grass | Harry Hopman | James Anderson Norman Brookes | 2–6, 4–6, 3–6 |
| Win | 1932 | Australian Championships | Grass | Edgar Moon | Harry Hopman Gerald Patterson | 12–10, 6–3, 4–6, 6–4 |
| Loss | 1933 | Australian Championships | Grass | Edgar Moon |  Keith Gledhill Ellsworth Vines | 4–6, 8–10, 2–6 |
| Loss | 1934 | French Championships | Grass | Vivian McGrath | Jean Borotra Jacques Brugnon | 9–11, 3–6, 6–2, 6–4, 7–9 |
| Win | 1935 | Australian Championships | Grass | Vivian McGrath | Patrick Hughes Fred Perry | 6–4, 8–6, 6–2 |
| Win | 1935 | French Championships | Clay | Adrian Quist | Donald Turnbull Vivian McGrath | 6–1, 6–4, 6–2 |
| Win | 1935 | Wimbledon Championships | Grass | Adrian Quist | Wilmer Allison John Van Ryn | 6–3, 5–7, 6–2, 5–7, 7–5 |
| Loss | 1936 | Australian Championships | Grass | Vivian McGrath | Adrian Quist Donald Turnbull | 8–6, 2–6, 1–6, 6–3, 2–6 |
| Loss | 1939 | U.S. Championships | Grass | Harry Hopman | Adrian Quist John Bromwich | 6–8, 1–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 1940 | Australian Championships | Grass | Vivian McGrath | John Bromwich Adrian Quist | 3–5, 5–7, 1–6 |
Mixed doubles: 8 (5 titles, 3 runners-up)
| Result | Year | Championship | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loss | 1928 | Wimbledon Championships | Grass | Daphne Akhurst | Elizabeth Ryan  Patrick Spence | 5–7, 4–6 |
| Loss | 1929 | Australian Championships | Grass | Marjorie Cox Crawford | Daphne Akhurst Edgar Moon | 6–0, 7–5 |
| Loss | 1930 | Australian Championships | Grass | Marjorie Cox Crawford | Nell Hall Hopman Harry Hopman | 9–11, 6–3, 3–6 |
| Win | 1930 | Wimbledon Championships | Grass | Elizabeth Ryan |  Hilde Sperling Daniel Prenn | 6–1, 6–3 |
| Win | 1931 | Australian Championships | Grass | Marjorie Cox Crawford | Emily Hood Westacott Aubrey Willard | 7–5, 6–4 |
| Win | 1932 | Australian Championships | Grass | Marjorie Cox Crawford | Nell Hall Hopman  Jiro Sato | 6–8, 8–6, 6–3 |
| Win | 1933 | Australian Championships | Grass | Marjorie Cox Crawford | Marjorie Gladman Ellsworth Vines | 3–6, 7–5, 13–11 |
| Win | 1933 | French Championships | Clay | Margaret Scriven | Betty Nuthall Fred Perry | 6–2, 6–3 |
| W | F | SF | QF | #R | RR | Q# | DNQ | A | NH |
| Tournament | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 | 1940 | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 | 1945 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949 | 1950 | 1951 | SR | W–L | Win % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | 1R | QF | SF | QF | SF | W | W | W | F | W | F | SF | 3R | SF | F | NH | NH | NH | NH | NH | 3R | 1R | 3R | 3R | 2R | 1R | 4 / 21 | 52–17 | 75.4 |
| France | A | A | QF | A | 2R | A | A | W | F | SF | A | A | A | A | NH | NH | NH | NH | NH | NH | A | 3R | A | A | A | A | 1 / 6 | 20–5 | 80.0 |
| Wimbledon | A | A | 4R | A | 3R | A | SF | W | F | SF | QF | QF | A | A | NH | NH | NH | NH | NH | NH | A | 1R | A | A | A | A | 1 / 9 | 36–8 | 81.8 |
| United States | A | A | QF | A | A | A | A | F | A | A | A | A | A | 3R | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | 3R | A | A | A | A | 0 / 4 | 10–4 | 71.4 |
| Win–loss | 0–1 | 2–1 | 12–4 | 2–1 | 6–3 | 5–0 | 10–1 | 23–1 | 15–3 | 14–2 | 8–2 | 7–2 | 1–1 | 5–2 | 4–1 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 1–4 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 6 / 40 | 118–34 | 77.6 |
- List of male tennis players a detailed list of tennis greats throughout the years
- Tennis records of All Time – Men's singles
- Kendall, Allan (1995). Australia's Wimbledon Champions. Sydney, NSW: ABC Books for the Australian Broadcasting Corp. ISBN 9780733304101.
- "Jack Crawford: Career match record". thetennisbase.com. Tennismem SL.
- "Mr Wallis Myers' Ranking", The Sydney Morning Herald, 22 September 1933.
- Kendall (1995), p. 57
- Kendall (1995), p. 60
- Bradshaw, Finn, ed. (2004). Our Open : 100 Years of Australia's Grand Slam. Melbourne: News Custom Publishing. p. 25. ISBN 9781876176600.
- "Jack Crawford :". Sydney Mail (NSW : 1912 – 1938). NSW. 12 July 1933. pp. 14–16 – via National Library of Australia.
- "Crawford Ranks First". The Daily Telegraph. Vol. 3, no. 199. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 5 October 1933. p. 3. Retrieved 22 November 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
- Brown, Bernard (13 September 1933). "ANZAC Net Star Has Best Record for '33 Season". Brooklyn Times-Union. p. 10.
- "Comment M. Pierre Gillou – président de la Fédération Française de Tennis – classe les dix meilleurs joueurs du monde" [How Mr. Pierre Gillou – president of the French Tennis Federation – ranks the ten best players of the world]. L'Auto (in French). 15 September 1937. p. 1.
- "Quels sont les dix meilleurs joueurs du monde ?" [Who are the ten best players in the world?]. L'Auto (in French). 14 September 1933. p. 1.
- "Le classement des dix meilleurs joueurs du monde" [The ranking of the world's ten best players]. L'Auto (in French). 4 November 1933. p. 4.
- "PLAYING THE GAME". Daily Examiner. Vol. 25, no. 7882. New South Wales, Australia. 25 October 1933. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
- "CRAWFORD SUPREME". The Herald (Melbourne). No. 17, 583. Victoria, Australia. 21 September 1933. p. 2. Retrieved 28 November 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
- ""The Telegraph" Names World's First Ten". Telegraph (Brisbane). Queensland, Australia. 29 September 1933. p. 20 (LATE CITY). Retrieved 29 November 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
- "TENNIS LEADERS". The West Australian. Vol. XLIX, no. 9, 746. Western Australia. 23 September 1933. p. 13. Retrieved 4 December 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
- "Vines steps out to name ten best tennis players in world". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 5 November 1933. p. 32 – via Newspapers.com.
- Writing in 1979, Kramer considered the best ever to have been either Don Budge (for consistent play) or Ellsworth Vines (at the height of his game). The next four best were, chronologically, Bill Tilden, Fred Perry, Bobby Riggs, and Pancho Gonzales. After these six came the "second echelon" of Rod Laver, Lew Hoad, Ken Rosewall, Gottfried von Cramm, Ted Schroeder, Jack Crawford, Pancho Segura, Frank Sedgman, Tony Trabert, John Newcombe, Arthur Ashe, Stan Smith, Björn Borg, and Jimmy Connors. He felt unable to rank Henri Cochet and René Lacoste accurately but felt they were among the very best.
- "Jack Crawford". The Sport Australia Hall of Fame.
- "International Tennis Hall of Fame". tennisfame.com. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- Green, Christopher (2011). What a racket! : the illustrated story of the Alexander Patent Racket Co. Ltd., Launceston, Tasmania, Australia 1925-1961. Launceston, Tas.: Bokprint Pty. Ltd. ISBN 978-0-9871085-0-0. OCLC 733310743.
