Winnipeg Jets

On October 1, 2013, Trouba played his first career NHL game for the Jets, scoring his first NHL goal against Devan Dubnyk of the Edmonton Oilers. He also added an assist in the game and was named the game's first star.^[7] During his rookie season, 2013–14, Trouba missed over a month of action after he was injured when he fell into the boards during a game against the St. Louis Blues. He remained upbeat in the aftermath of his injury, updating fans on Twitter by saying, "If you were wondering, the boards are not edible. I'll be back soon."^[8][9]

On September 23, 2016, Trouba released a statement through his agent stating that he had requested a trade from the Jets.^[10] However, on November 7, he agreed to a two-year, $6 million contract extension with the Jets.^[11]

Following the Jets' successful 2018 playoffs in which the team reached the Conference finals for the first time in franchise history, Trouba filed for salary arbitration. On July 22, 2018, he was awarded a one-year, $5.5 million extension with the Jets.^[12] Trouba finished the 2018–19 regular season with 50 points,^[13] and was one of only three defensemen under 25 to score 50 points or more, along with Morgan Rielly and Thomas Chabot.^[14]

New York Rangers

Following the 2018–19 season, Trouba and the Jets were once again unable to come to terms on an extension. On June 17, 2019, Trouba was traded by the Jets to the New York Rangers in exchange for Neal Pionk and Winnipeg's own first round pick in the 2019 NHL Entry Draft, which had been previously acquired by the Rangers in exchange for the Jets receiving Kevin Hayes.^[15]

On July 19, 2019, the Rangers signed Trouba to a seven-year, $56 million free agent contract worth an average annual value of $8 million.^[16]

Trouba scored his first goal for the Rangers, as well as two assists, during the 2019–20 season opener on October 3 against his former team, the Winnipeg Jets.^[17] Trouba tied a career-high in points,^[18] and he became the first defenseman to register three points in a Rangers debut.^[19]

During the off-season, Trouba was named the 28th captain in franchise history. He is the first captain since Ryan McDonagh was traded during the 2017-18 season. He also becomes the 12th defenseman in team history to be named captain and the fourth consecutive U.S.-born player to wear the "C" on his sweater after Chris Drury (2008–11), Ryan Callahan (2011–14) and McDonagh (2014–18). Trouba had served as an alternate captain the previous two years while being lauded for his leadership abilities by both his first Rangers coach, David Quinn, and his successor, Gerard Gallant.^[20]

During the 2022–23 season, during a 5-2 loss to the Chicago Blackhawks at home, Trouba was involved in two separate on-ice incidents. In the first period, he fought Jujhar Khaira, whom he had concussed and knocked unconscious with an open-ice hit in the last game between the Rangers and Blackhawks the previous season.^[21] Then, in the second-period, with the Blackhawks leading 3-0, Trouba delivered an open-ice hit to Andreas Athanasiou, inciting a line brawl that included a fight between Trouba and Blackhawks captain Jonathan Toews. After the brawl, Trouba yelled at and threw his helmet towards the Rangers bench.^[22][23][24] The incident and game was seen as a turning point in the Rangers season, who would go on a 22-4-4 run in their next 30 games.^{[citation needed]}

On April 5, 2023, Trouba was named the recipient of the second annual "Mr. Ranger Award" presented in memory of Rod Gilbert. The award is given to the Rangers player "who best honors Rod's legacy by exemplifying leadership qualities both on and off the ice, and making a significant humanitarian contribution to his community."^[25]