James King Gibson (February 18, 1812 – March 30, 1879) was a nineteenth-century American politician, merchant, sheriff and banker from Virginia. He served one term in the United States House of Representatives.

James King Gibson was born in Abingdon, Virginia on February 18, 1812.^[1] He attended the common schools as a child. He moved to Huntsville, Alabama in 1833, but moved back to Abingdon in 1834 and engaged in mercantile pursuits.^[1]

He was deputy sheriff of Washington County, Virginia in 1834 and 1835 and was appointed postmaster of Abingdon in 1837, serving until 1849. Gibson was elected as a Conservative to the United States House of Representatives in 1869, serving in the 41st U.S. Congress from January 28, 1870, to March 3, 1871.^[1] Gibson declined reelection in 1870 and engaged in agricultural pursuits and banking.^[1]

Gibson died in Abingdon on March 30, 1879. He was interred there in Sinking Spring Cemetery.^[1]