Jonava (pronunciation^ⓘ Yiddish: יאָנאווא, romanized: Yonava; Polish: Janów; German: Janau) is the ninth largest city in Lithuania with a population of c. 30,000.^[1] It is located in Kaunas County in central Lithuania, 30 km (19 mi) north east of Kaunas, the second-largest city in Lithuania. It is served by Kaunas International Airport. Achema, the largest fertilizer factory in the Baltic states, is located nearby. The city is sometimes called "the capital of midsummer holiday" (lt. – Joninės).

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Jonava
City
Clockwise from top: Panorama of Jonava (2014) Monument for Abraomas Kulvietis Culture Centre Sąjūdis Square
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname(s):  Jonų ir Janinų sostinė (The capital of Jonai and Janinos)
Jonava Location of Jonava in Lithuania Show map of Lithuania Jonava Location of Jonava within the Baltics Show map of Baltic states Jonava Location of Jonava in Europe Show map of Europe
Coordinates: 55°4′20″N 24°16′50″E
Country	Lithuania
Ethnographic region	Aukštaitija
County	Kaunas County
Municipality	Jonava district municipality
Eldership	Jonava City Eldership
Capital of	Jonava district municipality Jonava town eldership
First mentioned	1740
Granted city rights	1864
Area
• Total	13.6682 km2 (5.2773 sq mi)
Elevation	65 m (213 ft)
Population  (2020)
• Total	26,423
• Density	1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code	55xxx
Website	jonava.lt

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Jonava was officially established as a city in the 18th century during the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1750, the first wooden church was built in Jonava. In 1778, a beer brewery was operating in the town.^[2] Around 1812, Napoleon and his army invaded the town and its surrounding villages. In 1923, Jonava was officially recognised as a city-status settlement and in 1950 it became the centre of the municipality.

The city had a large Jewish population before World War II. In 1893, 92% of the population was Jewish and in 1941 it was 80%. In 1932 there were 250 shops owned by Jewish families, a Jewish bank, 7 synagogues and a Jewish school.^[3] During World War II Jonava was attacked by Nazi Germany. A Christian church and five Jewish synagogues were destroyed.^[4] The Jews of the city were killed in two massacres, in August and September 1941. A total of 2,108 people were executed by an Einsatzgruppen of Germans and Lithuanian Self-Defence Units.^[5] 200 remaining Jews were kept prisoners at the Kaunas ghetto.

After the war, the city built the largest fertilizer factory in the Baltic states and Jonava become one of the 4 biggest industrial cities in Lithuania.

An explosion occurred in the chemical fertilizers factory on 20 March 1989, causing a leakage of nearly 7,500 tonnes of liquid ammonia. The catastrophe developed further into a fire within the nitrophosphate facility and fertilizer storehouses polluting the atmosphere with products of their combustion, such as nitrous oxide and chlorine. The toxic cloud drifted towards Ukmergė, Širvintos and Kėdainiai. The concentration of ammonia surpassed the permissible level by a factor of 150 in Upninkai, at 10 km from the disaster site. One day after the accident, a toxic cloud 7 km wide and 50 km long was recorded between Jonava and Kėdainiai. Seven people died during the fire and leakage of ammonia immediately afterward, 29 people became handicapped, and a large number of people suffered from acute respiratory and cardiac attacks. The true extent of damages and health impact from the event is however unknown. What is known is that exposure to ammonia prenatally, especially at a young age can cause serious brain damage.

Jonava is divided into 13 city regions:

The city has its own "physical culture and sports center" with stadium, swimming pool and indoor arena. It has already been announced that the city is going to build a new large indoor arena "BC Jonava".

Jonava is twinned with:^[10]

• Linas Balčiūnas, (born 1978), olympic cyclist
• Arnoldas Burkovskis (born 1967), manager
• Vydas Dolinskas, (born 1970), art scientist
• Israel Davidson (1870-1939), writer
• Dominykas Galkevičius (born 1986), footballer
• S. J. Goldsmith (1915–1995), journalist and editor
• Laurynas Gucevičius, architect
• Andrius Janukonis, (born 1971), businessman
• Grigorijus Kanovičius, (born 1929), Jewish writer
• Dainius Kreivys, (born 1970), politician, Minister of Economy
• Juozapas Antanas Kosakovskis, general, Napoleon aide
• Darius Maskoliūnas, (born 1971), basketball player
• Abra Abrahamas Meirsonas, Harvard professor of neurosurgery
• Janina Miščiukaitė (1948–2008), singer
• Abraham Myerson, (1881-1948), neurologist, psychiatric, sociologist
• Jeronimas Ralys (1876–1921), translator and medic
• Ričardas Tamulis (1938–2008), boxer
• Artūras Zuokas, (born 1968), businessman, former Vilnius mayor

• Pond in Jonava
• Bike lane with a monument
• Jonava City Council
• Polytechnic School of Jonava
• "Lietava" Secondary School
• Catholic Church of St. Anne in Skaruliai
• Library of Jonava
• Museum of Local History
• Jonas Basanavičius Street
• Central stadium of Jonava
• Railway bridge over Neris
• Monument for the Holocaust victims in Girelė village

• Jonava Bridge
• Jonava Market