KNMY_inscription

KNMY inscription

KNMY inscription

Punic votive inscription

The KNMY inscription (KAI 79 or CIS I 3785) is an inscription in the Punic language from Carthage that is believed to record a so-called "molk" child sacrifice.[1] The text is inscribed on a 55 cm high stela that was discovered in 1922.[2]

KAI 79

In this inscription KNMY, a Carthaginian slave (or "servant"), says that he "vowed" (nador) "his flesh" (BŠRY, cf. Hebrew beśarō) to the two major gods of Carthage, Tinnīt-Phanebal and Ba‘al-Ḥammon, which is understood to mean that he sacrificed a child of his (Krahmalkov translates BŠRY as "<this child> of his own flesh"[3]).

The name rendered in Punic as KNMY is not otherwise known. It is not Semitic, but probably Libyan or Berber.[4] The inscription ends with a curse for those who might remove or damage the stela.

Text of the inscription

The inscription reads:[5][6][7]

(line 1)LRBT LTNT PN B‘L(Dedicated) to the Lady (to) Tinnīt-Phanebal
(2)WL’DN LB‘L ḤMNand to the Lord (to) Ba‘al-Ḥammon,
(3)’Š NDR KNMYis (the sacrifice) that KNMY vowed,
(3-5)‘/BD ’ŠMN‘MS / BN B‘LYTN—the sl/ave of Esmûnamos / son of Ba‘alyaton—:
(5-6)BŠ/RYhis fl/esh.
(6)TBRK’May you (Tinnīt-Phanebal and Ba‘al-Ḥammon) bless him (KNMY)!
(6-8)WK/L ’Š LSR T ’B/N ZAnd any/one who (= if anyone) shall remove this st/one
(8)BY PY ’NKwithout the permission of myself
(8-10)W/BY PY ’DM BŠ/MYand / without the permission of someone in my n/ame,
(10-11)WŠPṬ TNT PN / B‘L BRḤ ’DM H’then Tinnīt-Phanebal will condemn / the intent of that person!

References

  1. [1]
    Roschinski, Hans Peter (1988), 'Punische Inschriften zum MLK-Opfer und seinem Ersatz' [Punic inscriptions regarding the MLK-sacrifice and its substitute], in: Butterweck, Christel (1988). Grab-, Sarg-, Votiv- und Bauinschriften (Texte aus der Umwelt des Alten Testaments, Vol. II.4: Religiöse Texte). Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus. pp. 606–620. ISBN 978-3-641-21767-9.
  2. [2]
    Dussaud, René (1922). "Trente-huit textes puniques provenant du sanctuaire des ports à Carthage [38 Punic texts from the harbour sanctuary at Carthage]". Bulletin archéologique du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques (France): 243–260: 246–248. Retrieved 17 December 2022. (BnF Gallica)
  3. [3]
    Krahmalkov, Charles R. (2000). Phoenician-Punic Dictionary. Leuven: Peeters / Departement Oosterse Studies. pp. 113, 496. ISBN 90-429-0770-3.
  4. [4]
    Roschinski (1988), p. 612(note).
  5. [5]
    Donner, Herbert; Rölig, Wolfgang (2002). Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften (5 ed.). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. I, 20.
  6. [6]
    Roschinski (1988), pp. 612-613.
  7. [7]
    Krahmalkov (2000), pp. 101, 113.
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