Leroy_Griffith

Leroy Griffith

Leroy Griffith

American theater and nightclub proprietor


Leroy Charles Griffith (born March 26, 1932) is an American theater and nightclub proprietor, former Broadway theater producer, and film producer. In a career spanning 75 years, he has owned, leased, or operated more than 70 adult entertainment stage and cinematic theaters across the United States, dating from the burlesque era of the 1950s to the present day.[1] During burlesque's heyday, he was a prolific producer of live stage shows featuring showgirls, strippers, comedians, and other stars of the era. After burlesque's decline, he made the crossover to exhibiting adult films and operating adult nightclubs.

Quick Facts Born, Nationality ...

His business endeavors in the adult entertainment industry have, for decades, put him at odds with restrictive municipalities, and he has taken legal action, often successfully, to be able to operate his establishments.

Early life

Griffith was born in Poplar Bluff, Missouri to Floyd R. and Stella Griffith. His father was a theater owner. The younger Griffith began as a projectionist, cashier, and usher at a local theater in his hometown.

At 17, he left for St. Louis and a job working concessions at the Grand Burlesque Theater for East Coast-based theater concessions magnate Oscar Markovich. At the Grand, Griffith started as a "candy butcher," hawking candy and trinkets to audiences before and during intermission.[2] "In those days," he said in a 1993 interview, "they had probably 30 people in the cast, a chorus line, an orchestra, two comics, a singer, a vaudeville act, and then five exotic dancers. It was a good show."[3]

Griffith with Sammy Davis Jr., 1966

Griffith discovered that any profit to be made was not from the show itself but from the concession stand: "That's where I was. In between acts, the pitchman would sell prize packages, candy, stuff like that. Concessions was where the real money was, just like it is with regular movies today."[3] After working his way up to concessions manager, Griffith began accruing money for higher ambitions.

Military service

In 1955, Griffith began service with the U.S. Army in Hot Springs, Arkansas. While stationed at Elmendorf Air Force Base in Anchorage, Alaska, he worked with Bob Hope's USO show (featuring Jerry Colonna, Mickey Mantle, and Ginger Rogers, among others) when Hope was on tour there in December 1956.

After discharge from the military, Griffith acquired his first theater, the Star, in Portland, Ore. After a limited operation of a Kansas City, Mo., restaurant and another period of short-term employment with Markovich, he opened a theater in Detroit. He was in his mid-twenties.

Career

Theater and club owner

Identifying "legitimate" theaters that were going out of business, Griffith began acquiring them. "These places would go under," he said in a 1993 interview, "and I'd go in and take over and make them successful with an adult policy."[3] He soon acquired theaters throughout the United States.

South Florida (1961- )

"One time Sammy Davis Jr., Frank Sinatra, and Belle Barth came into the Gayety Theater [in Miami Beach] when I was running it. We had a Chinese dinner together, and then started watching the coming attractions for an X-rated film that was going to be running. For fun we shut the sound off and the three of them -- Frank, Sammy, and Belle -- improvised the sounds to go along with the scenes. They were all moaning and groaning and making funny noises. It was hysterical."[4] — Griffith

On a visit to Miami Beach in 1961, Griffith noticed the Paris Theater was for sale. He leased it, then bought it, originally staging burlesque, including featuring Tempest Storm. But back in the early '60s, Griffith didn't call it "burlesque"; doing so would have been against local law.

"You couldn't even use the word," he recalled in a 1993 interview. "I had one big stage show called 'The Top Stars of Burlesque,' with Blaze Starr and all these people. I told the city, 'It's not burlesque. It's the top stars of burlesque. There's no law against the people of burlesque.' The city decided they'd fix me by charging me $1,000 for a special license to do the show. I said fine. I was going to have to pay $1,600 for a regular permit anyway."[3]

A promotional poster for Griffith's '60s Broadway revue, Hello Burlesque.

Griffith continued to open new venues throughout South Florida, from Broward County in the north to Key West in the south. In addition to bringing in live acts, he began showing movies. He also began producing films and exhibiting them in his theaters.

A young Mickey Rourke once worked for Griffith as a cashier and projectionist at one of his Miami Beach theaters.[3]

Film producer

Griffith produced Bell, Bare and Beautiful (1963), Lullaby of Bareland (1964), Mundo depravados (1967), and My Third Wife, George (1968).[5]

Film appearances

Griffith played brief cameo parts in some of his films. His recollections of the burlesque era are featured in Leslie Zemeckis's 2010 documentary, Behind the Burly Q.[6]

Interior theater sequences in the 1968 film The Night They Raided Minsky's were shot in his Manhattan theater, the Gayety.[7]

Broadway producer

This Was Burlesque, a revue conceived by and starring burlesque star Ann Corio, was staged at Griffith's Hudson Theater on Broadway during the 1964–65 season. It went on to tour across the U.S. in various forms over the next two decades.[8]

Griffith also produced Hello Burlesque, a live stage show featuring showgirl Julie Taylor, "Miss Sex 5th Avenue."

Griffith's theaters and clubs

Theaters he has owned and operated, been an ownership partner in, leased, and/or managed include these:

Note: Click the "sort" icon at the head of each column to view data in alphabetical order.

More information State, City ...


v. The City of Hialeah, Fla.

Griffith turned Hialeah's Atlas Cinema into an X-rated theater in August 1985, outraging Mayor Raul Martinez. "The issue is not censorship," Martinez said at the time. "It is morality. They will bring in derelicts, the sick of mind. They're like herpes -- wherever they go, everybody gets infected. We don't need that."[3]

The day after opening, in a pre-emptive strike, Griffith's lawyers sued the city, charging that a Hialeah zoning ordinance banning porn cinemas within 500 feet of residences was unconstitutional. His court challenge failed and the theater was ordered shut down.[3]

"I couldn't even use the word burlesque." [45]

— Griffith, recalling local regulations in '60s-era Miami Beach

v. The City of Miami

In 1987, city officials confiscated movie projectors, a refreshment stand, and other property from Griffith's Pussycat Theater. He had just won a court fight with the city over his right to exhibit a film called Three Ripening Cherries. He was accused of owing more than $50,000 in fines dating back to 1978. The city bungled part of the collection process in a technical snafu, so Griffith ended up accountable for only $21,400.[3]

An auction of his theater equipment was conducted to satisfy that debt. The winning bid came in at $13,500, from Griffith himself, effectively reducing his penalties by another $8,000.[3]

v. Dade County

Between 1976 and 1987, the Pussycat was raided 18 times. Efforts by the county to charge him with a felony for screening two obscene movies within 5 years collapsed when Griffith's attorney pointed out that too much time had elapsed between incidents. When prosecutors then indicated they might like to charge him with a simple misdemeanor for the more recent indiscretion (showing the film American Babylon), his attorney argued it had been two years since that film had been confiscated, thus denying Griffith his right to a speedy trial. The judge agreed and threw out the case.[3]

"If I was a judge taking bribes, a banker trying to swindle my customers out of bank funds, a doctor selling drugs, I might feel bad. But seeing a nude girl? There's nothing immoral about that. And there are more judges and lawyers and cops and bankers in jail than theater owners. I'm not hurting anyone, or stealing, or anything like that." [3]

— Griffith, in a 1993 interview

In April 1987, the Dade State Attorney's Office filed a ten-page complaint demanding that the Pussycat be shut down. This time the charge was brought under the Florida Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act. Because the Pussycat had been raided 18 times in eleven years, prosecutors contended, it must be an ongoing criminal enterprise. "That's not what the RICO Act was put in for," Griffith retorted. A judge agreed and dismissed the complaint.[3]

v. The City of Miami Beach

In late 1989, after the cities of Fort Lauderdale and North Miami Beach outlawed alcohol in establishments featuring nude entertainers, Miami Beach officials—led by Mayor Alex Daoud—feared strip club operators would gravitate to their city and that Miami Beach "would be overrun with sex-mad drunken men and immoral, naked women."[3]

Confronting Miami Beach city commissioners in 2009 on the city's ban of alcohol in nightclubs featuring nudity.

The imminent debut of the Gold Club, whose owners had intended to introduce nudity and alcohol in their new building on 5th Street, spurred the City Commission to pass local legislation prohibiting such a mix.[3]

Griffith announced that if the Gold Club was allowed to open with liquor and nudity, he would move his hard-core films from the Gayety Theater (then known as Deja Vu) to the Roxy, which then was showing second-run movies for general audiences. In turn, he would convert the Gayety into an upscale nude bar to compete with the Gold Club.

Daoud said, "We don't have to sit idly by and watch [adult clubs] open up. It would be detrimental to the growth of our city that has been developing so nicely."[3]

The city passed an ordinance in January 1990 prohibiting not only nudity and alcohol sharing the same room, but also banning any nudity near schools and churches. The Gold Club did open with nude dancers, but soon folded under the handicap of the no-liquor policy.

"There's nothing immoral about the human body. Evil's all in the mind." [3]

— Griffith, in a 1993 interview

Griffith, meanwhile, successfully changed the Gayety into the all-nude, alcohol-free Deja Vu (without local competition), and turned the Roxy into an adult theater, Club Madonna. Daoud was removed from office a year later after being implicated on unrelated corruption charges for which he was later convicted and imprisoned.[3] Griffith and Daoud have since become close friends.

Since the early 2000s, Griffith has been involved in legal disputes with the City of Miami Beach over its 1989/1990 ordinances banning the sale of alcohol in any establishment featuring nudity. He sued several city officials in federal court, alleging they conspired to deny him a fair hearing before the City Commission after he sued the wife of one commissioner for libel, slander, and defamation after she waged a campaign against him, claiming, among other things, that he was a tax cheat.[136][137][138]

Personal life

Family

In May 1964, Griffith saved the life of his 18-month-old son, Cash, after pulling him unconscious from the family pool at their Miami home. He credited his effort to reading about mouth-to-mouth resuscitation insructions while on an airplane flight the week before.[139]

Philanthropy

Griffith, for years, hosted annual shows at his Carib Theater benefiting the Miami Beach Police and Firemen's Benevolent Association. The city's police softball teams and the Miami Beach Policemen's Relief and Pension Fund have also been beneficiaries of his charitable giving. In 1997, the MBPD recognized Griffith for his donation of bicycles to the department, for use by its bike patrol officers.

Nationally syndicated gossip writer Earl Wilson thanked Griffith in a December 1965 column "for his welcome Christmas check for the 'Earl Wilson Help the Needy Fund' which arrived just in time to aid some deserving folk."[140]

Work

Stage productions

  • This Was Burlesque (1964) - producer
  • Hello Burlesque (1965) - producer
Griffith signs his Mundo depravados co-stars Tempest Storm and Herb Jeffries (left) to film contracts in 1967.

Filmography

  • Bell, Bare and Beautiful (1963) - producer, writer, actor (Theater Manager)
  • Lullaby of Bareland (1964) - producer
  • The Case of the Stripping Wives (1966) - producer
  • Mundo depravados (1967) - producer
  • My Third Wife, George (1968) - producer
  • Behind the Burly Q (documentary, 2010) - interview subject

Awards and recognitions

  • 1970s: Key to the City of Miami Beach (awarded by Mayor Harold Rosen)
  • 1970s: Recognition for "unselfish contributions" to the annual All-Star show (Miami Beach Police and Firemen's Benevolent Association)
  • 1997: Recognition for "outstanding dedication and service" to the Washington Avenue Bike Unit (Miami Beach Police Department)
  • 1999: Recognition for "generous support" for the Miami Beach Police softball teams (Miami Beach Police Department)
  • 2000: Recognition for "generosity and continued support" (Miami Beach Policemen's Relief and Pension Fund)
  • 2007: Best Adult Club in Miami Beach (Club Madonna), The Miami SunPost

References

  1. Norman, Forrest (February 2, 2006). "The Battle of Biscayne". The Miami New Times. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  2. Zemeckis, Leslie (2013). "Florida". Behind the Burly Q: The Story of Burlesque in America. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62087-691-6.
  3. Baker, Greg (January 27, 1993). "The Pioneer of Porn". The Miami New Times. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  4. Biondi, Joanne (2006). Miami Beach Memories: A Nostalgic Chronicle of Days Gone By. Guilford, Conn.: The Globe Pequot Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0762740666.
  5. "Leroy C. Griffith". IMDb. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  6. "Behind the Burly Q". imdb.com. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  7. "Ann Corio, Star of "This Was Burlesque," Dead". playbill.com. Playbill. March 10, 1999. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  8. "Atlas Twin". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  9. "Little Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  10. "Little Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  11. "Beach Theatre in Jacksonville Beach, FL - Cinema Treasures". www.cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
  12. "Monroe Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  13. "Monroe Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  14. "79th Street Twin II Cinema". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
  15. "79th Street Cinema". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  16. "Boulevard Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  17. "Boulevard Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  18. "Rio Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  19. "Dixie Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  20. "Paramount Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  21. "Paramount Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  22. "Rex Art Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  23. "Rosetta Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  24. "Town Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  25. "Town Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  26. "21st Street Twin". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  27. "21st Street Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  28. "Beach Theatre in Miami Beach, FL - Cinema Treasures". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
  29. "Cameo Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  30. "Cameo Theater". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  31. "Carib Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  32. "Carib Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  33. "Flamingo Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  34. "Flamingo Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  35. "Paris Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  36. "Variety Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  37. "Plaza Art Theatre in Miami Beach, FL - Cinema Treasures". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2019-07-04.
  38. "Roxy Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  39. "Roxy Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  40. Wakefield, Rebecca (May 2, 2002). "Strip Wars". The Miami New Times. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  41. "Casino Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  42. "Improv Comedy Theater". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  43. "Ritz Theater". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  44. "Ritz Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  45. "Navy Point Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  46. "Follies Theater". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  47. "Gem Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  48. "Rialto Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  49. "Loop End Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  50. "Capitol Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  51. "Ritz Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  52. "Ritz Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  53. "Indianapolis Then and Now: Ritz Theatre 3430 N. Illinois Street - Historic Indianapolis | All Things Indianapolis History". Historic Indianapolis | All Things Indianapolis History. 2012-04-05. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
  54. "Carrollton Theater". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  55. "Carrollton Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  56. "Cine Royale Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  57. "Cine Royale Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  58. "Martin Cinerama Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  59. "New Orleans Martin Cinerama Theatre". incinerama.com. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  60. "Gayety Theatre in Baltimore, MD - Cinema Treasures". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2018-12-05.
  61. Beshouri, Paul (July 16, 2013). "Restored Garden Theater Predicts September Debut". curbed.com. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  62. "Garden Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  63. "Garden Theater". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  64. "National Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  65. "National Theater". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  66. "Michigan Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  67. "Michigan Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  68. "Folly Theater". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  69. "Folly Theater". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  70. "Strand Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  71. "Strand Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  72. "Luxor Theater". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
  73. "Luxor Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  74. "Cameo Twin Cinema XXX". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
  75. "Treat Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  76. "Village East Cinema". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  77. "Hudson Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  78. "Hudson Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  79. "Metropolitan Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  80. "Arrow Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  81. "Shore Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  82. "Shore Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  83. "Adam and Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  84. "Civic Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  85. "Neighborhood Theater". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  86. "Neighborhood Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  87. "Ritz Theater in Charlotte, NC - Cinema Treasures". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2018-12-05.
  88. Rohrer, Jim (Dec 30, 2010). "Burlesque house sendoff". Cincinnati.com. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  89. "Empress Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  90. "Imperial Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  91. "Imperial Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  92. "University Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  93. "University Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  94. "Little Art Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  95. "Olentangy Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  96. "Livingston Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  97. "Parsons Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  98. "Parsons Theatre". cinematour.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  99. "Ohio Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  100. "Gayety Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  101. "Gayety Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  102. Hebert, Lou (February 20, 2010). "A Summer's Night In Downtown Toledo". The Toledo Gazette. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  103. "Strand Theater". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  104. "Strand Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  105. "Blue Mouse Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  106. "Capitol Theatre". silentera.com. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  107. "Capitol Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  108. "Puget Sound Pipeline: Capitol Theatre". www.pstos.org. Puget Sound Theatre Organ Society. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  109. "Star Theater". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  110. "Star Theater website". startheaterportland.com. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  111. "Cayuga Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  112. McGlinchey, Dennis. "The Theatres of Germantown". www.friendsofimmaculate.com. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  113. "Cayuga Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  114. "Howard Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  115. "Howard Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  116. "Trocadero Theatre". cinematreasures.com.
  117. "Trocadero Theatre". cinematour.com.
  118. "Cameraphone Theater". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  119. "Cameraphone Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  120. "Capitol Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  121. "Capitol Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  122. "Rivoli Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  123. "Tower Arts Theatre in Superior, WI - Cinema Treasures". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
  124. "CinemaTour - Search Results". www.cinematour.com. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
  125. "Central Theatre". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  126. "Imperial Theatre". cinematour.com. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  127. Branham-Bailey, Charles (August 8, 2013). "For Pete's Sake, Give Madonna A Trial Liquor Period Already". The Miami SunPost. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  128. Smiley, David (September 25, 2013). "Club Madonna sues Miami Beach, again". The Miami Herald. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  129. Branham-Bailey, Charles (November 14, 2013). "If It Walks and Quacks Like One, It's Extortion". The Miami SunPost. Archived from the original on 18 July 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  130. "Reading Pays Off: Resuscitation Saves 18-Month-Old Infant". The Miami News. May 18, 1964.[dead link]
  131. Wilson, Earl (December 27, 1965). "This Is Gratitude, You Newsmakers of 1965". The Milwaukee Sentinel. Retrieved 2 December 2014.

Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Leroy_Griffith, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.