Line 1 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁1号线; pinyin: Běijīng dìtiě yīhào xiàn) is the oldest and one of the busiest lines of Beijing's mass transit rail network. Line 1 runs underneath Chang'an Avenue, the city's grand east–west thoroughfare, right through the heart of Beijing with stops on either side of Tiananmen Square. Line 1's color is dark red. Through operation with the Batong line started on August 29, 2021.^[7]

Quick Facts Overview, Other name(s) ...

Line 1
Tiananmen East station platform
Overview
Other name(s)	M1 (planned name) Fuba line (Chinese: 复八线, for Fuxingmen to Sihuidong section)
Status	Operational
Locale	Chaoyang, Dongcheng, Xicheng, Haidian, and Shijingshan districts Beijing
Termini	Gucheng (Pingguoyuan reopens in 2024, Fushouling opens in 2024) Sihuidong
Stations	23 (not accounting for Batong Line, but including Gaobeidian)
Service
Type	Rapid transit
System	Beijing Subway
Operator(s)	Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp., Ltd.
Depot(s)	Guchenglu, Sihui Depots[1][2]
Rolling stock	6-car Type B (DKZ4, SFM04)
Daily ridership	1,234,900 (2014 Avg.)[3] 1,536,900 (2014 Peak)[4][5]
History
Opened	January 15, 1971; 53 years ago (1971-01-15)
Technical
Line length	31.04 km (19.29 mi)[6]
Character	Underground, at-grade[lower-alpha 1]
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Operating speed	80 km/h (maximum service speed)
Route map Legend connects Fengsha railway to Sanjiadian 101 Gaojing no regular train services above 102 Fushouling (under renovation, to be reopened 2023) Yongding River diversion canal Line S1 Shichang Line 6 Jin'anqiao – Lucheng 103 Pingguoyuan (closed for renovation) connects Jingmen railway Gucheng depot 104 Gucheng 101 railway (for military purpose only) 105 Bajiao Amusement Park 106 Babaoshan 107 Yuquan Lu 108 Wukesong 109 Wanshou Lu 110 Gongzhufen Line 10 outer – inner 111 Military Museum Line 9 Guogongzhuang – National Library Yongding River diversion canal 112 Muxidi Line 16 (out-of-system interchange) Wanpingcheng – Bei'anhe 113 Nanlishi Lu connects Line 2 114 Fuxingmen Line 2 outer – inner Line 19 crossing Line 4 115 Xidan Tiangongyuan – Anheqiaobei 116 Tian'anmenxi 117 Tian'anmendong 118 Wangfujing Line 8 Yinghai – Zhuxinzhuang connects Line 5 Line 5 119 Dongdan Songjiazhuang – Tiantongyuanbei 120 Jianguomen Line 2 inner – outer connects Line 2 121 Yong'anli Line 17 (to be opened 2024) Jiahuihu – Future Science City North 122 Guomao Line 10 inner – outer 123 Dawang Lu Line 14 Beijing South railway station – Shangezhuang 124 Sihui Batong line (through operation to Line 1) connects Batong line (through operation to Line 1) (for depot trains only) Sihui depot Through operation with Batong line (through operation to Line 1) 125 Sihuidong Batong line (through operation to Line 1) Shuangsha railway Universal Resort v t e

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As the oldest line of the Beijing Subway, Line 1 was also the most heavily used from the time the subway opened in 1971 until January 2013, when the near-completion of the Line 10 loop caused ridership on that line to surge past Line 1. Recent traffic relief efforts have been completed in recent years. The opening of the first phase of the parallel Line 6, caused an 8.46% decrease in daily demand and a 10-20% reduction in peak flow during rush hour.^[8] In addition Beijing BRT line 2 parallels the eastern section of Line 1. In the meantime between 2014 and 2015, Line 1 again upgraded its signals to a communications-based train control system allowing trains to run at headways as low as 1 minutes 45 seconds. However, during peak hours, sections of the line were reported in 2013 to still operate above 100% capacity.^[8]

The first east-bound trains departs from Gucheng at 4:58 am and Pingguoyuan at 5:10 am. The first west-bound train departs Sihui at 4:56 am and Sihui East at 5:05 am. The last east-bound train leaves Pingguoyuan at 10:55 pm. The last west-bound train leaves Sihui East at 11:15 pm.^[9]

Line 1's western terminus is Pingguoyuan, located in Shijingshan District. The line heads southeast to its second stop at Gucheng and from there runs straight east, following Chang'an Avenue all the way to its eastern terminus, Sihuidong in Chaoyang District, just beyond the 4th Ring Road. The line passes through Xidan, Wangfujing and Dongdan, among other important commercial centers of Xicheng and Dongcheng Districts, as well as the Beijing CBD near the China World Trade Center. The line is 31.04 km (19.29 mi)^[6] in length with 23 stations in operation. All stations except for Sihui and Sihuidong are underground.

Station list for Line 1 and Batong line of Beijing Subway, after the through operation started on August 29, 2021.^[7]
● Normal: Gucheng — Huanqiu Dujiaqu (Universal Resort)
● Morning rush hour: Gongzhufen — Guoyuan
● Evening rush hour: Gucheng — Guoyuan

The first section of subway in Beijing officially started trial operation on January 15, 1971. It was 10.7 km (6.6 mi) long and ran between Beijing railway station to Gongzhufen,^{[lower-alpha 2]} which today is a section of Line 1 and 2.^[12] A few months later, on August 15, 1971, the line was extended 3 stations west, to Yuquan Lu. The line was extended again to Gucheng in November. On April 23, 1973, the line was extended Pingguoyuan, at this point the line is 23.6 km (14.7 mi) long with 17 stations.^[12] On September 15, 1981, the line was again extended westward to Fushouling creating a 27.6 km (17.1 mi) long line with 19 stations. The line was transferred to the newly created Beijing Mass Transit Operation Corporation and was officially opened to the public, ending the decade long trial operation period. By 1981, the annual passenger volume of Beijing Subway was 64.66 million passengers, with a daily average of 177,000 passenger trips.^[13]

On August 15, 1986, the second phase of subway construction started and a feasibility study on the construction of the new line between of Fuxingmen to Bawangfen (Today's Beijing CBD) was carried out. A new branch heading east to a new station, Fuxingmen, was completed between Nanlishi Lu and Changchun Jie stations on December 28, 1987. The section between Changchun Jie and Beijing railway station was transferred to the newly created Line 2 and Line 1 ran between Pingguoyuan and Fuxingmen stations. In January 1991, the feasibility study report on the construction of a new line between Fuxingmen to Bawangfen was approved with construction of the new "Fuba line", starting in June 1992. On December 12, 1992, Line 1 was extended east for one station to Xidan. In 1994, Line 1's signals were upgraded to automatic train protection system.^[14] On September 28, 1999, the first section of the Fuba line between Tian'anmenxi to Sihuidong was opened. On June 28, 2000, the section between Xidan and Tian'anmenxi stations opened, merging Line 1 and the Fuba Line to create a 31 km (19 mi) line with 23 stations.^[14]

Rolling stock for Line 1 is parked and maintained at Gucheng Depot and Sihui Carpark.

Beyond Pingguoyuan, Line 1 extends further northwest where it has several other stations: Gaojing (高井) and Fushouling (福寿岭). Gaojing station is in the military region. Fushouling station is actually outside the military region. These stations are not open for public use.

Fushouling station will open to public in 2023.^[25][26]

A proposal to open the Gaojing station to public is mentioned within 2022 and 2023 working plan of the Shijingshan District.^[25][27]

• Restricted stations of Line 1, Beijing Subway