List_of_F4_and_EF4_tornadoes_(2010–2019)

List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes (2010–2019)

List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes (2010–2019)

Add article description

This is a list of tornadoes that have been officially or unofficially labeled as F4, EF4, IF4, or an equivalent rating during the 2010s decade. These scales – the Fujita scale, the Enhanced Fujita scale, the International Fujita scale, and the TORRO tornado intensity scale – attempt to estimate the intensity of a tornado by classifying the damage caused to natural features and man-made structures in the tornado's path.

A large EF4 wedge tornado near the town of Rochelle, Illinois on April 9, 2015.
EF4 damage to a farmstead near Sibley Iowa on June 25, 2010
EF4 Tornadoes in the US, 2010–2019

Tornadoes are among the most violent known meteorological phenomena. Each year, more than 2,000 tornadoes are recorded worldwide, with the vast majority occurring in North America and Europe.[1][2] To assess the intensity of these events, meteorologist Ted Fujita devised a method to estimate maximum wind speeds within tornadic storms based on the damage caused; this became known as the Fujita scale. The scale ranks tornadoes from F0 to F5, with F0 being the least intense and F5 being the most intense. F4 tornadoes were estimated to have had maximum winds between 207 and 260 mph (333 and 418 km/h) and are considered violent tornadoes, along with F5 tornadoes.[3][nb 1]

Following two particularly devastating tornadoes in 1997 and 1999, engineers questioned the reliability of the Fujita scale. Ultimately, a new scale was devised that took into account 28 different damage indicators; this became known as the Enhanced Fujita scale.[4] With building design and structural integrity taken more into account, winds in an EF4 tornado were estimated to between 166 and 200 mph (267 and 322 km/h).[5] The Enhanced Fujita scale is used predominantly in North America. Most of Europe, on the other hand, uses the TORRO tornado intensity scale (or T-Scale), which ranks tornado intensity between T0 and T11; F4/EF4 tornadoes are approximately equivalent to T8 to T9 on the T-Scale. Tornadoes rated IF4 on the International Fujita scale are also included on this list. Violent tornadoes, those rated F4/EF4 and F5/EF5 are rare and only make up 2% of all recorded tornadoes.[6]

List

In the 2010s decade, 72 tornadoes were rated F4/EF4. 59 of these occurred in the United States, five occurred in China, with one occurring in each Australia, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Italy, Russia, and South Africa for a total of 12 F4/EF4 tornadoes outside of the United States. 70 tornadoes were rated EF4 with Italy's and South Africa's only violent tornadoes during the decade being rated F4.

More information Day, Year ...

See also

Notes

    1. [N 1]
      The winds estimated by the Fujita Scale are estimated values and have not been verified scientifically.[3]
    2. [N 2]
      The casualties were all due to one of these three tornadoes, but it is unknown which one.

    References

    1. [1]
      "U.S. Tornado Climatology". National Climatic Data Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 20, 2013. Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
    2. [2]
      Paul Rincon (July 11, 2003). "UK, Holland top twister league". British Broadcasting Company. Archived from the original on July 10, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
    3. [3]
      "Fujita Tornado Damage Scale". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2006. Archived from the original on August 4, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
    4. [4]
      "The Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF Scale)". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August 4, 2011. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
    5. [5]
      "Enhanced F Scale for Tornado Damage". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2013. Archived from the original on July 11, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
    6. [6]
      "Violent Tornadoes". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
    7. [7]
      Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "NWS Jackson, MS – April 24, 2010 Violent Long Track Tornado". www.weather.gov. Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved September 17, 2022.
    8. [8]
      "Storm Survey Results of the Sibley Iowa EF4 Tornado – June 25, 2010". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
    9. [9]
      "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 20, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
    10. [10]
      The Chickasha-Blanchard-Newcastle Tornado of May 24, 2011. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office Norman, Oklahoma (Report). Norman, Oklahoma: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 12, 2014. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
    11. [11]
      "The Washington-Goldsby Tornado of May 24, 2011". NWS Norman, OK. NOAA. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
    12. [12]
      Jim LaDue; Tim Marshall & Kevin Scharfenberg (2012). "Discriminating EF4 and EF5 Tornado Damage" (PDF). National Weather Service Office in Norman, Oklahoma. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
    13. [13]
      "Storm Events Database". NCDC. Archived from the original on September 4, 2014. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
    14. [14]
      "Storm Events Database". NCDC. Archived from the original on September 4, 2014. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
    15. [15]
      "Storm Events Database". NCDC. Archived from the original on September 4, 2014. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
    16. [16]
      "Storm Events Database". NCDC. Archived from the original on September 4, 2014. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
    17. [17]
      "The Complete History of Tornadoes in South Africa". Afri WX. Archived from the original on September 9, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
    18. [18]
      "Aid pledged to tornado ravaged towns". TimesLIVE. Archived from the original on December 26, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
    19. [19]
      Davey, Monica (March 1, 2012). "Southern Illinois Town Is All Too Versed in Taking a Hit". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
    20. [20]
      "Chicago Tribune article". Chicago Tribune. [dead link]
    21. [21]
      "NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit". Archived from the original on April 23, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
    22. [22]
      "National Weather Service Staff Looks Back on the Tenth Anniversary of March 2nd 2012". YouTube. National Weather Service of Louisville. Archived from the original on November 12, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
    23. [23]
      Storm Events Database Archived October 29, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, NOAA
    24. [24]
      Storm Events Database Archived October 29, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, NOAA
    25. [25]
      Storm Events Database Archived October 29, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, NOAA
    26. [26]
      Storm Events Database Archived October 29, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, NOAA
    27. [27]
      "March 2, 2012 Tornado Outbreak". National Weather Service office in Louisville, Kentucky. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. March 6, 2012. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
    28. [28]
      NCEI. "Storm Events Database – Event Details – National Centers for Environmental Information". noaa.gov. Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
    29. [29]
      NCEI. "Storm Events Database – Event Details – National Centers for Environmental Information". noaa.gov. Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
    30. [30]
      "March 2, 2012 Tornado Outbreak and Severe Weather". NWS Wilmington. March 2, 2013. Archived from the original on September 13, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
    31. [31]
      Storm Reports for 04/14/12 (Report). National Weather Service. Archived from the original on April 12, 2022. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
    32. [32]
      NWS Wichita April 14 Tornato Table (PDF) (Report). NWS Wichita. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2022. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
    33. [33]
      "Public Information Statement". National Weather Service, Wichita KS. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016.
    34. [34]
      "Lamar and Forrest County Tornado". National Weather Service Jackson, Mississippi. February 11, 2013. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
    35. [35]
      Mississippi Event Report: EF4 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). Asheville, North Carolina: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2013. Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved June 1, 2013.
    36. [36]
      World News Australia (March 22, 2013). Houses 'blown apart' in Vic tornado (Report). SBS. Archived from the original on March 23, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
    37. [37]
      Tornadoes and powerful storms hit Victoria's northeast (Report). news.com.au. March 22, 2013. Archived from the original on March 23, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
    38. [38]
      "Tornadoes Across North Texas May, 15-2013". NWS Dallas/Ft.Worth. May 15, 2013. Archived from the original on January 7, 2017. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
    39. [39]
      "Tornado-Ripped Granbury Continues to Recover". NBCDFW. Dallas. NBCDFW. October 13, 2013. Archived from the original on November 26, 2018. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
    40. [40]
      "Tornado leaves 6 dead, many homeless in town of Granbury". KTBC. Austin, Texas. KTBC. October 13, 2013. Archived from the original on February 20, 2023. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
    41. [41]
      "20130515's Storm Reports (1200 UTC − 1159 UTC)". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 15, 2013. Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
    42. [42]
      "Tornadoes Across North Texas May 15th, 2013". National Weather Service Office in Fort Worth, Texas. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 16, 2013. Archived from the original on May 22, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
    43. [43]
      "Storm Events Database – Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
    44. [44]
      "20130518's Storm Reports (1200 UTC − 1159 UTC)". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 20, 2013. Archived from the original on June 7, 2013. Retrieved May 20, 2013.
    45. [45]
      "EF4 Tornado Impacts Locations Near Rozel Kansas". National Weather Service Office in Dodge City, Kansas. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 23, 2013. Archived from the original on September 9, 2013. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
    46. [46]
      "Latest on Tornado Information for May 19 and May 20". National Weather Service Office in Norman, Oklahoma. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 22, 2013. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
    47. [47]
      Nebraska Event Report: EF4 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
    48. [48]
      Nebraska Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
    49. [49]
      Wayne, NE EF4 Tornado – October 4, 2013 Archived February 20, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, TornadoTalk
    50. [50]
      Iowa Event Report: EF4 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.Iowa Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
    51. [51]
      "Storm Events Database". NCDC. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
    52. [52]
      "Storm Events Database". NCDC. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
    53. [53]
      St. Louis, Missouri Weather Forecast Office. "Fall Season Tornado Outbreak Sunday November 17, 2013". St. Louis, Missouri: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
    54. [54]
      "April 27, 2014 Arkansas tornado surveys" (.KML). National Weather Service Office in Little Rock, Arkansas. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 1, 2014. Archived from the original on May 3, 2014. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
    55. [55]
      Brantley, Max (May 5, 2014). "Meteorologist defends EF4 rating on Vilonia tornado". Arkansas Times. Archived from the original on April 21, 2015. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
    56. [56]
      "Storm Events Database – Event Details". National Climatic Data Center. Archived from the original on November 1, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
    57. [57]
      "Storm Events Database – Event Details". National Climatic Data Center. Archived from the original on November 1, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
    58. [58]
      "Storm Events Database – Event Details". National Climatic Data Center. Archived from the original on November 1, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
    59. [59]
      Marshall, Timothy (November 6, 2014). "Damage Survey of the Mayflower-Vilonia, Arkansas Tornado". ams.confex.com. American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
    60. [60]
      "Louisville EF-4 Tornado". NWS Jackson, Mississippi. NOAA. May 3, 2014. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
    61. [61]
      Chandler, Clay (April 28, 2014). "At least 6 dead in Miss. tornadoes; Guard deployed to Tupelo, Winston Co". clarionledger.com. The Clarion Ledger. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
    62. [62]
      "Tornado Kills Nearly 220,000 Chickens In Direct Hit On Mississippi Farm". The Weather Channel. May 5, 2014. Archived from the original on September 9, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
    63. [63]
      "NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit". apps.dat.noaa.gov. NOAA. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
    64. [64]
      "FOLLOWING THE SUMMER "DZUD" OR HURRICANE IN KHASHAAT". The Daily Newspaper. August 8, 2014. Archived from the original on April 23, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
    65. [65]
      Illinois Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. 2015. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved January 31, 2017. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
    66. [66]
      Illinois Event Report: EF4 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. 2015. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 31, 2017. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
    67. [67]
      Illinois Event Report: EF3 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. 2015. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 31, 2017. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
    68. [68]
      "Tornado in Riviera del Brenta: un morto e 72 feriti". Il Mattino di Padova. July 9, 2015. Archived from the original on January 3, 2016. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
    69. [69]
      "Tromba d'aria sulla Riviera del Brenta". October 20, 2015. Archived from the original on January 18, 2016. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
    70. [70]
      "Il tornado tra Mira e Dolo (VE) dell'8 luglio 2015". Associazione MeteoNetwork ONLUS. Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
    71. [71]
      "Corporate Report on the 8 July 2015 Tornado of Mira (VE), Italy" (PDF). European Severe Storms Laboratory, ARPAV, ZAMG, meteonetwork. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 24, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
    72. [72]
      Texas Event Report: EF4 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. 2015. Archived from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
    73. [73]
      Texas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Climatic Data Center. 2015. Archived from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
    74. [74]
      "NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association. Archived from the original on April 23, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
    75. [75]
      "Storm Events Database – Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". Archived from the original on November 10, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
    76. [76]
      "Wednesday, May 25th, 2016: Long Track Tornado Hits North Central Kansas". NWS Topeka. June 3, 2016. Archived from the original on October 12, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
    77. [77]
      Ranker, Luke (May 26, 2016). "Dickinson County tornado from Wednesday classified as EF4: 'We're damn lucky to be alive'". cjonline.com. The Topeka-Capitol Journal. Archived from the original on May 29, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
    78. [78]
      Javier C. Hernández (June 23, 2016). "Tornado Kills at Least 78 in Eastern China". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 23, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
    79. [79]
      "盐城"6·23"特大龙卷风灾后重建：一切让老百姓说了算" (in Chinese). Yangtse Evening Post. June 23, 2017. Archived from the original on November 5, 2018. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
    80. [80]
      Simin Zou; Xuhui He (January 15, 2023). "Effect of tornado near-ground winds on aerodynamic characteristics of the high-speed railway viaduct". Engineering Studies. 275 (Part A): 115189. Bibcode:2023EngSt.27515189Z. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115189. S2CID 253544859. Archived from the original on January 8, 2023. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
    81. [81]
      US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Severe Weather/Tornado Outbreak February 28 – March 1, 2017". www.weather.gov. Archived from the original on March 19, 2021. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
    82. [82]
      "Damage Assessment Toolkit". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on April 23, 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
    83. [83]
      "April 27th tornadoes". NWS Fort Worth/Dallas. April 30, 2017. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
    84. [84]
      Chernokulsky, Alexander (October 2020). "Satellite-Based Study and Numerical Forecasting of Two Tornado Outbreaks in the Ural Region in June 2017". researchgate.net. Atmosphere. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
    85. [85]
      "European Severe Weather Database". eswd.eu. Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
    86. [86]
      "佛山顺德气象局". www.shundemos.com. Archived from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
    87. [87]
      "Tornado passa pelo RS, deixa 2 mortos e causa destruição em dezenas de municípios". Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
    88. [88]
      "DUAS SUSPEITAS DE TORNADO NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL". Comunidade Viadutos FM 105.9. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
    89. [89]
      "Tornado's path in rural Manitoba was as wide as 800 metres, Environment Canada says". CBC.ca. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. August 5, 2018. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
    90. [90]
      "Environment Canada gives Manitoba tornado 2nd-highest severity classification". CBC.ca. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. August 6, 2018. Archived from the original on September 20, 2018. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
    91. [91]
      Teo Blašković (January 30, 2019). "EF-4 tornado, Havana: 1 238 affected homes, 4 people killed and 195 injured, Cuba". The Watchers. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
    92. [92]
      Sarah Marsh; Marc Frank (January 28, 2019). "Cuba's strongest tornado in nearly 80 years kills at least four". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
    93. [93]
      "Cuban President Highlights Havana Response to Devastating Tornado". Periódico Digital Centroamericano y del Caribe. February 14, 2019. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
    94. [94]
      "March 3, 2019 Tornadoes". NWS Peachtree City. March 4, 2019. Archived from the original on March 26, 2019. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
    95. [95]
      Ketchmark, Jennifer (May 28, 2019). "Breaking down the storms that produced tornadoes near Dayton". WCPO Cincinnati. Cincinnati, Ohio: The E.W. Scripps Co. Archived from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
    96. [96]
      Campbell, Marleah (May 29, 2019). "Tornado causes extensive damage in Linwood". www.wibw.com. Archived from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
    97. [97]
      Cappucci, Matthew (June 6, 2019). "Storm chaser Reed Timmer successfully shot a rocket into a wedge tornado. The data, he says, is 'incredible.'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 13, 2023. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
    98. [98]
      Humayun, Hira (July 4, 2019). "Tornado tears through Chinese city of Kaiyuan killing 6 and affecting 9,000". CNN International Edition. Archived from the original on July 5, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
    99. [99]
      "Intense tornado in China ravages buildings and kills 6". Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 3, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
    Share this article:

    This article uses material from the Wikipedia article List_of_F4_and_EF4_tornadoes_(2010–2019), and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.