List_of_bats_of_Madagascar

List of bats of Madagascar

List of bats of Madagascar

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Bats are one of the major components of the indigenous mammalian fauna of Madagascar, in addition to tenrecs, lemurs, euplerid carnivores, and nesomyine rodents. Forty-six bat species have so far been recorded on Madagascar, of which thirty-six occur only on the island. However, new species continue to be discovered, causing the number of species to rise rapidly; for example, Nick Garbutt's Mammals of Madagascar (2007) listed only 36 species.[1] Most Malagasy bats have their origins in nearby mainland Africa, but on at least three occasions—Pipistrellus raceyi, Pteropus rufus, and the species pair Emballonura atrata–E. tiavato—bats have colonized Madagascar from Asia.[2]

Taxonomic classification

The following bat genera and families include species found on Madagascar (all species counts are for Madagascar only):

Key

Scientific name Scientific name of the species
Classified Year when the species was formally described and classified, as well as the binomial authority of the species
Distribution Geographic distribution of the species. Abbreviations used are S, south; N, north; E, east; W, west; C, central; SW, southwest; etcetera.
Forearm Range in forearm length of adult members of the species, in metric and English units
Conservation status Conservation status of the species, per IUCN as of 2008, except as indicated. "Not evaluated" is used to indicate that no IUCN status assessment is available.

Family Pteropodidae

Pteropodidae are a diverse family, with 186 species recognized in 2005,[3] which occurs across the tropical regions of the Old World. They include the largest bats, but also some smaller species, and are mostly diurnal and frugivorous. Three species are known from Madagascar; each is classified in its own genus and is most closely related to species from outside Madagascar.[4]

More information Scientific name, Classified ...

Family Hipposideridae

Hipposideridae are a moderately diverse family—81 species were listed in 2005[3]—and occur across the Old World tropics. Insectivorous, cave-roosting, and characterized by an elaborate noseleaf, they have often been united with the horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus; absent from Madagascar) into a single family Rhinolophidae, but are currently classified separately. Six species, all endemic, are known from Madagascar, of which four are extant. Macronycteris commersoni is the largest non-pteropodid bat of Madagascar and the extinct Hipposideros besaoka was even larger. The other species belong to the closely related genera Triaenops and Paratriaenops; the latter was split from Triaenops in 2009 and is restricted to Madagascar and the western Seychelles.[10]

More information Scientific name, Classified ...

Family Emballonuridae

With 51 species (2005),[3] Emballonuridae are a moderately diverse family. Found in tropical and subtropical regions across the world, they are characterized by a tail that extends beyond the uropatagium (tail membrane), but may be retracted into a sheath. Four species are known from Madagascar, of which two are endemic and two others are shared with mainland Africa.[21]

More information Scientific name, Classified ...

Family Nycteridae

Nycteridae is a small family of 16 species (2005)[3] in a single genus found in Africa and east to the Sunda Islands. They are characterized by a groove on their face and are insectivorous. A single, poorly known species has been recorded from Madagascar.[26]

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Family Myzopodidae

This family, characterized by suction disks on the hand and feet, is unique to Madagascar. (It does, however, have a fossil record in Africa extending from the late Eocene to the Pleistocene.[29]) A single species has historically been recognized, but eastern and western populations were classified as separate species in 2007.[30]

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Family Molossidae

This diverse family of 100 species (2005)[3] occurs across the world in tropical regions. The tail conspicuously projects from the uropatagium and the wings are long. Eight species are known from Madagascar, four of which are endemic.[33]

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Family Miniopteridae

This family contains a single genus, Miniopterus, with 19 species recognized in 2005,[45] which was classified in Vespertilionidae until recently.[46] Insectivorous and characterized by long fingers, the species are all quite similar, leading to a confused classification. On Madagascar, four species were recognized as recently as 2007, but systematic research has led the number to increase to eleven, of which nine are restricted to Madagascar and two shared with the Comoros.[47]

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Family Vespertilionidae

With 407 species (2005; including Miniopterus, which is now classified in its own family), Vespertilionidae is the largest bat family.[3] Characterized by a tail contained in the uropatagium, they occur around the world in many habitats and are insectivorous.[59] Madagascar hosts an endemic species of the extremely widespread genus Myotis, four species (three endemic) of the house bat Scotophilus, and at least six (four endemic) of small vespertilionids ("pipistrelles") in the genera Hypsugo, Eptesicus, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus.[60] The classification of the "pipistrelles" is confused, leading to many changing identifications.[61] In addition to the six "pipistrelles" listed here, the African Neoromicia nanus has also been recorded from Madagascar, but the identification of the Madagascar records needs to be confirmed.[62]

More information Scientific name, Classified ...

See also

Notes

  1. [N 1]
    Sometimes included in the mainland African species Eidolon helvum.[5]
  2. [N 2]
    Sometimes included in the mainland African species Rousettus lanosus.[8]
  3. [N 3]
    Not in IUCN Red List.
  4. [N 4]
    Previously placed in the genus Hipposideros as H. commersoni and H. cryptovalorona.[12]
  5. [N 5]
    Previously placed in the genus Triaenops as Triaenops auritus and Triaenops furculus, but now classified in Paratriaenops.[15]
  6. [N 6]
    As Triaenops auritus.
  7. [N 7]
    As Triaenops furculus.
  8. [N 8]
    Populations now included in this species have previously also been included in Triaenops persicus, which is now restricted to the Middle East, but are more conventionally known as Triaenops rufus. This name is, however, in fact a synonym of T. persicus; therefore, the new name menamena was introduced for the Madagascan populations in 2009.[19]
  9. [N 9]
    As Triaenops rufus.
  10. [N 10]
    Sometimes included in the mainland African species Nycteris macrotis.[27]
  11. [N 11]
    Previously included in the mainland African Chaerephon pumilus (or Tadarida pumila).[34]
  12. [N 12]
    Included in Tadarida pumila.[37]
  13. [N 13]
    As Tadarida leucostigma.
  14. [N 14]
    As Tadarida midas.
  15. [N 15]
    Previously included in the mainland African Otomops martiensseni.[42]
  16. [N 16]
    Although often cited for the Comoros, its occurrence there is questionable.[54]
  17. [N 17]
    Previously placed in the genus Pipistrellus as Pipistrellus anchietae.
  18. [N 18]
    As Pipistrellus anchietae.
  19. [N 19]
    Previously included in Eptesicus, as Eptesicus malagasyensis and/or considered a subspecies of Neoromicia somalicus (=Eptesicus somalicus) from mainland Africa.
  20. [N 20]
    As Eptesicus malagasyensis.
  21. [N 21]
    Previously included in Eptesicus or Pipistrellus and/or considered a subspecies of Neoromicia capensis (=Eptesicus capensis; Pipistrellus capensis).
  22. [N 22]
    As Eptesicus matroka.
  23. [N 23]
    Specimens identified as this species were previously called Neoromicia melckorum, and they have also been included in the genus Eptesicus or Pipistrellus.
  24. [N 24]
    Previously included in the European species Pipistrellus kuhlii.
  25. [N 25]
    It is uncertain whether the single known specimen from Madagascar belongs to this species, otherwise known from Réunion by a single specimen.

References

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    Simmons, 2005, p. 378; Ranivo and Goodman, 2007, p. 964, appendix 2; Benda and Vallo, 2009, p. 34; Andriafidison et al., 2008p
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  27. [27]
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    Gunnell, G. F.; Simmons, N. B.; Seiffert, E. R. (2014-02-04). "New Myzopodidae (Chiroptera) from the Late Paleogene of Egypt: Emended Family Diagnosis and Biogeographic Origins of Noctilionoidea". PLoS ONE. 9 (2): e86712. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...986712G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086712. PMC 3913578. PMID 24504061.
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  32. [32]
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  34. [34]
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  44. [44]
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Literature cited

General

Pteropodidae

  • Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008a. Eidolon dupreanum. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 26, 2010.
  • Andriafidison, D, Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Rabearivelo, A., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008b. Pteropus rufus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 26, 2010.
  • Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008c. Rousettus madagascariensis. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 26, 2010.

Hipposideridae

Emballonuridae

Nycteridae

  • Hutson, T., Racey, P.A. and Ravino, J. 2008a. Nycteris madagascariensis. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.

Myzopodidae

Molossidae

  • Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008i. Mormopterus jugularis. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008j. Otomops madagascariensis. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008n. Tadarida leucostigma. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2014. Chaerephon jobimena. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Downloaded May 28, 2015.
  • Cotterill, F.P.D, Hutson, A.M., Racey, P.A. and Ravino, J. 2008. Tadarida fulminans. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Goodman, S.M. and Cardiff, S.G. 2004. A new species of Chaerephon (Molossidae) from Madagascar with notes on other members of the family. Acta Chiropterologica 6(2):227–248.
  • Goodman, S.M., Buccas, W., Naidoo, T., Ratrimomanarivo, F., Taylor, P.J. and Lamb, J. 2010c. Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar (subscription required). Zootaxa 2551:1–36.
  • Jenkins, R.K.B., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratimomanarivo, F., Mickleburgh, S., Hutson, A.M., Bergmans, W., Cotterill, F.P.D. and Fahr, J. 2008e. Tadarida midas. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Mickleburgh, S., Hutson, A.M., Racey, P.A., Ravino, J., Bergmans, W., Cotterill, F.P.D. and Gerlach, J. 2008b. Tadarida pumila. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Ratrimomanarivo, F.H., Goodman, S.M., Stanley, W.T., Naidoo, T., Taylor, P.J. and Lamb, J. 2009. Geographic and phylogeographic variation in Chaerephon leucogaster (Chiroptera: Molossidae) of Madagascar and the western Indian Ocean islands of Mayotte and Pemba (subscription required). Acta Chiropterologica 11(1):25–52.

Miniopteridae

  • Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008g. Miniopterus gleni. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008h. Miniopterus manavi. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Goodman, S.M., Bradman, H.M., Maminirina, C.P., Ryan, K.E., Christidis, L. and Appleton, B. 2008b. A new species of Miniopterus (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) from lowland southeastern Madagascar. Mammalian Biology 73:199–213.
  • Goodman, S.M., Maminirina, C.P., Bradman, H.M., Christidis, L. and Appleton, B. 2009. The use of molecular phylogenetic and morphological tools to identify cryptic and paraphyletic species: Examples from the diminutive long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae: Miniopterus) on Madagascar. American Museum Novitates 3669:1–34.
  • Goodman, S.M., Maminirina, C.P., Bradman, H.M., Christidis, L. and Appleton, B.R. 2010a. Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in the endemic Malagasy bat Miniopterus gleni (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae), with the description of a new species, M. griffithsi (subscription required). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 48(1):75–86.
  • Goodman, S.M., Ramasindrazana, B., Maminirina, C.P., Schoeman, M.C. and Appleton, B. 2011. Morphological, bioacoustical, and genetic variation in Miniopterus bats from eastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 2880:1–19.
  • Jenkins, R.K.B. and Rakotoarivelo, A.R. 2008a. Miniopterus majori. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Jenkins, R.K.B. and Rakotoarivelo, A.R. 2008b. Miniopterus petersoni. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Jenkins, R.K.B., Rakotoarivelo, A.R., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Cardiff, S.G. 2008f. Miniopterus sororculus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.

Vespertilionidae

  • Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008d. Eptesicus malagasyensis. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008e. Eptesicus matroka. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008i. Myotis goudoti. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Andriafidison, D, Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008k. Scotophilus borbonicus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Andriafidison, D., Cardiff, S.G., Goodman, S.M., Hutson, A.M., Jenkins, R.K.B., Kofoky, A.F., Racey, P.A., Ranivo, J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Razafimanahaka, H.J. 2008l. Scotophilus robustus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
  • Bates, P.J.J., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H., Harrison, D.L. and Goodman, S.M. 2006. A description of a new species of Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Madagascar with a review of related Vespertilioninae from the island. Acta Chiropterologica 8(2):299–324.
  • Goodman S.M., Jenkins R.K.B. and Ratrimomanarivo F.H. 2005. A review of the genus Scotophilus (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) on Madagascar, with the description of a new species. Zoosystema 27(4):867–882.
  • Goodman, S.M., Ratrimomanarivo, F.H. and Randrianandrianina, F.H. 2006b. A new species of Scotophilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from western Madagascar. Acta Chiropterologica 8(1):21–37.
  • Goodman, S.M., Taylor, P.J., Ratrimomanarivo, F. and Hoofer, S.R. 2012. The genus Neoromicia (family Vespertilionidae) in Madagascar, with the description of a new species (subscription required). Zootaxa 3250:1–25.
  • Hutson, A.M., Racey, P.A., Goodman, S. and Jacobs, D. 2008b. Pipistrellus nanus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. Downloaded May 27, 2010.
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