List_of_defunct_automobile_manufacturers

List of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States

List of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States

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This is a list of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States. They were discontinued for various reasons, such as bankruptcy of the parent company, mergers, or being phased out.

See also: List of automobile manufacturers of the United States

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

  • Zehr (1912–1915)[3]
  • Zent (1900–1902, 1904–1906)[3]
  • Zentmobile (1903)[3]
  • Zimmer Motorcars (1978–1988)
  • Zimmerman (1908–1915)[3]
  • Zip (1913–1914)[3]

See also

Notes

  1. [1]
    Kimes and Clark, p. 11
  2. [2]
    Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p. 190.
  3. [3]
    Clymer, p. 210.
  4. [4]
    Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 18
  5. [5]
    Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. American Cars 1946–1959 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2008), p. 1016.
  6. [6]
    "Allen Touring Car 37 Fiche Info 1916". www.plandegraissage.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  7. [7]
    "The Allen Automobile & The Allen Iron & Steel Company". american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  8. [8]
    "Flyer". www.bessermuseum.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  9. [9]
    Kimes, p. 29
  10. [10]
    Clymer, p. 205.
  11. [11]
    "Another Flash In The Pan….The Shaw". www.theoldmotor.com. July 20, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  12. [12]
    Clymer, p. 170.
  13. [13]
    "The American Automobile & The American Motors Corporation". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  14. [14]
    Clymer, p. 31.
  15. [15]
    "F.A. Ames Co., Ames Body Corp., Ames Speedster, Ames Buggy Co., Carriage Woodstock Co., Ford Model T, Ames Motor Car Co". www.coachbuilt.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  16. [16]
    Kimes, p. 47
  17. [17]
    Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 19
  18. [18]
    Clymer, pp. 170-171.
  19. [19]
    Kimes, p. 50
  20. [20]
    Kimes, p. 57
  21. [21]
    Clymer, pp. 23, 205.
  22. [22]
    Kimes, p. 74
  23. [23]
    Clymer, pp. 178, 205.
  24. [24]
    Clymer, pp. 153, 205.
  25. [25]
    Clymer, pp. 190, 205.
  26. [26]
    Clymer, pp. 38, 205.
  27. [27]
    Clymer, p. 193.
  28. [28]
    Clymer, p. 115.
  29. [29]
    Clymer, pp. 5, 61, 205.
  30. [30]
    Clymer, p. 23.
  31. [31]
    Clymer, p. 206.
  32. [32]
    Clymer, pp. 5, 190.
  33. [33]
    Clymer, p. 178.
  34. [34]
    Suman-Hreblay, Marián (2000). Automobile Manufacturers Worldwide Registry. McFarland. p. 56. ISBN 9781476611402. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  35. [35]
    Clymer, pp. 16, 170, 206.
  36. [36]
    Clymer, pp. 23, 206. One of three companies by this name.
  37. [37]
    Clymer, p. 153.
  38. [38]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 252
  39. [39]
    Clymer, pp. 22, 178.
  40. [40]
    Clymer, pp. 25, 206.
  41. [41]
    Clymer, p. 178. Built in Little Rock, Arkansas.
  42. [42]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 331
  43. [43]
    Clipper Division, Studebaker-Packard Corp.; Packard, A History of the Motor Car and the Company (General edition), Beverly Rae Kimes, editor (1978), "Automobile Quarterly", ISBN 0-915038-11-0
  44. [44]
    Triumph and Tragedy: The Last Real Packards by Richard M. Langworth, in Collectible Automobile, September 1984 issue; pp. 6-25; (ISSN 0742-812X)
  45. [45]
    Clymer, p. 87.
  46. [46]
    Clymer, p. 104.
  47. [47]
    Clymer, p. 63.
  48. [48]
    Clymer, p. 145.
  49. [49]
    Clymer, p. 67.
  50. [50]
    "Electric car for the average Joe not far away". Wheels.ca. September 14, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  51. [51]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 357
  52. [52]
    Clymer, p. 158.
  53. [53]
    Clymer, p. 209.
  54. [54]
    Clymer, pp. 170, 206.
  55. [55]
    Clymer, pp. 190, 206.
  56. [56]
    Clymer, pp. 158, 206. One of two companies by this name.
  57. [57]
    Clymer, p. 178. Named for the horse, built in Minneapolis.
  58. [58]
    Clymer, p. 93. Built in St. Louis, Missouri.
  59. [59]
    Clymer, pp. 5, 206.
  60. [60]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 403
  61. [61]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 403–404
  62. [62]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 404–405
  63. [63]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 405
  64. [64]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 405–406
  65. [65]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 406
  66. [66]
    Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from the tractor.
  67. [67]
    Clymer, pp. 190, 206. Built in Cleveland.
  68. [68]
    Clymer, p. 178. Built in Indiana. Distinct from DeSoto.
  69. [69]
    Clymer, p. 178. Distinct from DeSoto Motor Car Company.
  70. [70]
    Clymer, pp. 38, 205. Offered an electric phaeton before 1916.
  71. [71]
    Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from Diamond T.
  72. [72]
    Clymer, p. 206. Tourist was a model.
  73. [73]
    Clymer, p. 5.
  74. [74]
    Clymer, p. 206. By Alberto Santos-Dumont
  75. [75]
    Clymer, p. 206. Founder was later the author of Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia.
  76. [76]
    Conceived by Buckminster Fuller.
  77. [77]
    Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin, distinct from the Michigan company.
  78. [78]
    Clymer, p. 190. Steam and electric cars, built in Cleveland.
  79. [79]
    Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Eaton's.
  80. [80]
    Clymer, p. 38.
  81. [81]
    Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Electric Launch Company.
  82. [82]
    Clymer, pp. 23, 207. Johnson model. Distinct from the Elite steam automobile company.
  83. [83]
    Clymer, p. 207.
  84. [84]
    Clymer, pp. 170–171, 207.
  85. [85]
    Clymer, p. 104. Built in Cincinnati, Ohio.
  86. [86]
    Clymer, p. 207. Later Halladay or Streator, eventually Barley.
  87. [87]
    Clymer, p. 190. Car and truck maker, based in Cleveland.
  88. [88]
    Clymer, p. 104. Built in Chicago.
  89. [89]
    "Early American Automobiles 1904 Models". Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  90. [90]
    Scriven, Hayes (March 19, 2008). "Northfield, a town with a past" (PDF). p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 4, 2012.
  91. [91]
    Clymer, p. 166.
  92. [92]
    Clymer, p. 40.
  93. [93]
    Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 574.
  94. [94]
    Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 574. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.
  95. [95]
    Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, pp. 574-575. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.
  96. [96]
    Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 575.
  97. [97]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1289
  98. [98]
    Clymer, p. 16.
  99. [99]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 593
  100. [100]
    Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland.
  101. [101]
    Clymer, p. 51.
  102. [102]
    Kimes and Clark (1996), p. 625.
  103. [103]
    Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the Gearless steamer.
  104. [104]
    Made by the multinational as experimental models.
  105. [105]
    Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the multinational.
  106. [106]
    Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Gasoline and steam.
  107. [107]
    Flory, p. 1016, credits them only for 1950.
  108. [108]
    Clymer, p. 207. Supposedly from Atlanta, Georgia.
  109. [109]
    Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland 1916–1922.
  110. [110]
    Clymer, pp. 14, 22.
  111. [111]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1447
  112. [112]
    Clymer, p. 207. One of two companies by this name.
  113. [113]
    Clymer, p. 190. Truck maker, based in Cleveland.
  114. [114]
    Clymer, pp. 170, 190.
  115. [115]
    Schwarzkopf, E.E. (1910). Automobile Topics. Vol. 19. p. 1456. Retrieved December 5, 2019. (Google books)
  116. [116]
    Sherron, Chas. B. (1907). American Vehicle: Devoted to the Interests of the Vehicle and Accessory Trades. Vol. 20. p. 26. Retrieved December 5, 2019. Google books: (Automobile Notes)
  117. [117]
    Clymer, p. 170. No relation to the school.
  118. [118]
    "Indiana Truck History Report". Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  119. [119]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 652, 761
  120. [120]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 682 Distinct from Hatfield Motor Vehicle Company and the Hatfield Company truck manufacturer.
  121. [121]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1524
  122. [122]
    Clymer, p. 23. An air-cooled, built in Wisconsin, sold for US$2000.
  123. [123]
    Clymer, p. 112.
  124. [124]
    Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Hewitt-Lindstrom.
  125. [125]
    Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Steam and gasoline, based in Cleveland.
  126. [126]
    Distinct from the Australian company.
  127. [127]
    Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Holley.
  128. [128]
    Clymer, pp. 23, 207.
  129. [129]
    Clymer, pp. 5, 23.
  130. [130]
    Clymer, pp. 170, 207.
  131. [131]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 742
  132. [132]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 769, 1407 In Boston.
  133. [133]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769 In New York City.
  134. [134]
    Clymer, p. 207; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769
  135. [135]
    Clymer, p. 23; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769. In Toledo, Ohio.
  136. [136]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769 In Buffalo, New York.
  137. [137]
    Clymer, pp. 18, 23.
  138. [138]
    Clymer, pp. 23, 153. Built in Wisconsin.
  139. [139]
    Clymer, p. 208.
  140. [140]
    Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  141. [141]
    Clymer, p. 53. Also sold commercial vans of 1, 2, 3, & 6 tons.
  142. [142]
    Clymer, p. 131.
  143. [143]
    Clymer, p. 208. One of three companies by this name.
  144. [144]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769
  145. [145]
    Flory, pp. 1011–12.
  146. [146]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 774
  147. [147]
    Clymer, p. 158. Based in Toledo, Ohio.
  148. [148]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 782
  149. [149]
    Clymer, p. 190. Based in Cleveland.
  150. [150]
    Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin.
  151. [151]
    Clymer, p. 208. Electrette was a model.
  152. [152]
    Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from LaSalle.
  153. [153]
    Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from Lewis Motocycle.
  154. [154]
    Horseless Age 1895.
  155. [155]
    Clymer, p. 8. A four-wheeler, despite the name.
  156. [156]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 828
  157. [157]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 635
  158. [158]
    Clymer, p. 90. Before 1912, the cars were called Sears.
  159. [159]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 859–860
  160. [160]
    Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1004
  161. [161]
    began with steam autos
  162. [162]
    Clymer, p. 22.
  163. [163]
    Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 890
  164. [164]
    Clymer, pp. 190, 208. Based in Cleveland.
  165. [165]
    Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Mason steamer.
  166. [166]
    Clymer, p. 93. Built in Waterloo, Iowa.
  167. [167]
    Clymer, p. 84.
  168. [168]
    Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin by Joe Merkel, who later built the Merkel Motorcycle.
  169. [169]
    Clymer, p. 23. Distinct from the Meteor steamer and the Ford division.
  170. [170]
    Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Nash
  171. [171]
    Clymer, p. 145. Built in Waltham, Massachusetts.
  172. [172]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 929
  173. [173]
    Clymer, p. 93. Built in Moline, Illinois.
  174. [174]
    Clymer, pp. 36, 153. Built in Racine, Wisconsin.
  175. [175]
    Clymer, p. 57.
  176. [176]
    Clymer, p. 208. One of two companies by this name, distinct from Moline-Knight.
  177. [177]
    Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Moggie.
  178. [178]
    Clymer, pp. 22. 208.
  179. [179]
    Lewis, Mary Beth. "Ten Best First Facts", in Car and Driver, 1/88, p. 92.
  180. [180]
    Flory, p. 1016, dates it to 1950.
  181. [181]
    Clymer, pp. 170, 178. Built in Traverse City, Michigan.
  182. [182]
    Not to be confused with the producers of the Ruxton.
  183. [183]
    Clymer, pp. 170–171, 208.
  184. [184]
    Clymer, p. 208. Often misspelled as Neilson.
  185. [185]
    Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1003
  186. [186]
    Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with the motorcycle.
  187. [187]
    Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1005
  188. [188]
    Clymer, p. 153. Built in Milwaukee.
  189. [189]
    Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945 (1985), p. 1013
  190. [190]
    Clymer, pp. 170, 209.
  191. [191]
    Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland.
  192. [192]
    Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland. Distinct from Owen Magnetic.
  193. [193]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1063 Built in Salem, Mass.; 1 gasoline & 2 electric cars
  194. [194]
    Clymer, p. 102. Built in Indianapolis, Indiana.
  195. [195]
    Clymer, p. 151. Built in Chicago.
  196. [196]
    Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1125
  197. [197]
    Clymer, p. 42.
  198. [198]
    Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1126
  199. [199]
    Clymer, pp. 6, 153.
  200. [200]
    Clymer, pp. 5, 178, 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland.
  201. [201]
    Clymer, p. 153. Friction-drive, built in Wisconsin.
  202. [202]
    Freund, Klaus, ed. (August 1981). Auto Katalog 1982 (in German). Vol. 25. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. p. 165.
  203. [203]
    Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the GM division.
  204. [204]
    Clymer, pp. 13, 23.
  205. [205]
    Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Porter Motor Company.
  206. [206]
    Flory, p. 1016. Distinct from Powell Manufacturing Company?
  207. [207]
    Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the pickup.
  208. [208]
    Clymer, p. 190. Cars & trucks, based in Cleveland.
  209. [209]
    Clymer, p. 149.
  210. [210]
    Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Reading Steamer.
  211. [211]
    Clymer, p. 209. Said to be the cheapest car ever built.
  212. [212]
    Clymer, pp. 122-124. Producer of four-axle Octoauto and twin rear axle Sextoauto in Columbus, Indiana.
  213. [213]
    Clymer, p. 209. 1895 car produced by Remington Arms Company.
  214. [214]
    "Renaissance Cars Inc. / Zebra Motors Inc". Retrieved September 3, 2014.
  215. [215]
    Clymer, pp. 22, 209.
  216. [216]
    Clymer, pp. 23, 209.
  217. [217]
    Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Rogers Steamobile. One of three companies by this name.
  218. [218]
    Rolls-Royce
  219. [219]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1273
  220. [220]
    Clymer, p. 8. A tricycle.
  221. [221]
    Clymer, p. 209. Also known as Dumont.
  222. [222]
    Clymer, p. 8.
  223. [223]
    Clymer, pp. 90, 209.
  224. [224]
    Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Chrysler Sebring.
  225. [225]
    Clymer, p. 5. Built in Buffalo, New York.
  226. [226]
    Clymer, p. 88. Built by William H. Sharp.
  227. [227]
    "Shay Model A Roadster". shayhistory.com. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  228. [228]
    Dixie Junior and Dixie Tourist (1908-1910- Retrieved October 28, 2018
  229. [229]
    The Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 22- Retrieved October 28, 2018
  230. [230]
    Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to the steam car company.
  231. [231]
    Clymer, pp. 23, 210.
  232. [232]
    Clymer, p. 210. One of two companies with this name.
  233. [233]
    Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stanley Motor Carriage Company.
  234. [234]
    Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stearns (automobile).
  235. [235]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 512
  236. [236]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1351
  237. [237]
    Clymer, p. 210. One of three companies by this name.
  238. [238]
    Clymer, pp. 23, 210. Steam cars. One of three companies by this name.
  239. [239]
    Production was continued in Canada until 1966.
  240. [240]
    Flory, p. 1016. Fitting Cadillac V8s into Studebakers was common in the 1950s, under the nickname Studillac, as well as into Fords as Fordillacs; it appears Flory has mistaken it.
  241. [241]
    Clymer, pp. 38, 210.
  242. [242]
    Clymer, p. 210. Not to be confused with models from Dodge, Plymouth, Studebaker, Nash Motors, Chevrolet, or GMC.
  243. [243]
    Clymer, p. 52.
  244. [244]
    Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Summit Racing Equipment.
  245. [245]
    Clymer, p. 190, locates them in Cleveland.
  246. [246]
    Clymer, pp. 170, 210.
  247. [247]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1417–1419
  248. [248]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1423–1424
  249. [249]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1463, 45
  250. [250]
    Clymer, p. 22; Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 769, 1472
  251. [251]
    Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Triumph Motor Company sportscars or Triumph Engineering Co Ltd motorcycles.
  252. [252]
    Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from the Victor steam cars.
  253. [253]
    "The Victor Page Automobile & The Victor W. Page Corp". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  254. [254]
    Kimes, Beverly R. (editor), and Clark, Henry A. The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications, 1985, p. 1455. ISBN 0-87341-045-9.
  255. [255]
    Clymer, p. 135. Built in Painesville, Ohio.
  256. [256]
    Detroit-based builder of "generic" cars without badges so dealers could badge them as desired. Clymer, p.146.
  257. [257]
    Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (electric automobile company).
  258. [258]
    Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (automobile company).
  259. [259]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1491
  260. [260]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1519
  261. [261]
    Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1521

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