List_of_environmental_and_conservation_organizations_in_the_United_States
Environmental and conservation organizations in the United States have been formed to help protect the environment, habitats, flora, and fauna on federally owned land, on private land, within coastal limits, in-state conservation areas, in-state parks and in locally governed municipalities. In addition, some organizations utilize the court system in states and at the federal level to enforce environmental and conservation regulations and laws. Most organizations operate as nonprofits. The revenue of these organizations is used to achieve their goals rather than distributing them as profit or dividends.[1][2]
In the Environmental history of the United States there have been a multitude of environmental organizations--over 160 private groups are listed below. However the "Group of Ten" (or "Big Green") have been preeminent since the late 20th century: Sierra Club, Audubon, National Wildlife Federation, Environmental Defense Fund, Friends of the Earth, Izaak Walton League, The Wilderness Society, National Parks Conservation Association, Natural Resources Defense Council and Earthjustice.[3]
After a nonprofit environmental and conservation organization has been established at the state level, it typically applies for tax exempt status with U.S. federal income tax.[4] Failure to maintain operations in conformity to the laws may result in an organization losing its tax exempt status. Individual states and localities offer nonprofits exemptions from other taxes such as sales tax or property tax. An environmental and conservation organization that is tax exempt is required to file annual financial reports (IRS Form 990). These tax forms are required to be made available to the public.