List_of_traditional_territories_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_North_America

List of traditional territories of the Indigenous peoples of North America

List of traditional territories of the Indigenous peoples of North America

Add article description

A Traditional Territory comprises all of the lands which an Indigenous nation ever claimed. Not only the present-day Reservation. This article is about the name for the traditional territory (the land) itself, rather than the name of the nation/tribe/people. The distinction between nation and land is like the French people versus the land of France, the Māori people versus the land of Aotearoa, or the Saami people versus the land of Sápmi (Saamiland). For example, the traditional territory of the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) Nation is called Waaziija, meaning "the Grand Pinery."

In English, the land of an indigenous nation was historically, and sometimes still is, referred to as a "country," such as "(the) Winnebago country." Some Latinate forms exist in English such as "Iroquoia", "Huronia", and "Apacheria."

List of traditional territories

More information Autonym(s) for the traditional territory, Conventional or historic English monikers for the traditional territory, with various attested spellings ...

Criteria for inclusion

For the purpose of this list, "nation" refers to the historic, whole national identities, rather than to the fragmented "reservation nations" or "bands". The whole nations are what John Beaucage, Grand Council Chief of the Anishinabek Nation, refers to as "true nations" in contrast with the fragmented "First Nations":

"First Nations must work towards the restoration of our own model of nationhood made up of our true nations. In essence, moving away from 633 First Nations—from Aamjiwnaang to Zhiibhaasing—to governance based on the nearly 60 indigenous nations, from the Abenaki Nation to the Wendat Nation and all those in between."

—John Beaucage, "A Vision of a New Assembly of First Nations" (emphasis added), 2009[472]

Or what the Government of Quebec calls "the 11 aboriginal nations of Québec" in contrast with their component "55 aboriginal communities".[473] And so the criteria for inclusion is not the same as what are named "Indian tribes" by the U.S. Federal Register and the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), or what are called "First Nations" by the Canadian government and Assembly of First Nations (AFN). It would be interesting to compile the names for the "band territories" of the 633 fragmented First Nations of the AFN, or the names of the "reservation territories" of the 632 fragmented Indian Nations of the NCAI, but that is beyond the scope of this article, except as side notes in the "further information" column.

So this list does not include the names for reservations or reserves, but only of the entire national homeland (or the homeland of a confederated identity such as the Haudenosaunee Confederacy or Colville tribes). For example, this list wouldn't give the Cherokee name for the Qualla Boundary reservation, but only the name for "the Cherokee country" as a whole. Ideally a single name could conceivably encompass not only the Contact-era ancestral territory, but also any area which at some time or another was conceived to be part of the national domain, such as post-Removal lands.

"Northeastern Oklahoma is the seat of government for the sovereign nation of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma. However, all of the lands where the Miami have lived over time are still referred to as "Myaamionki" (the Place of the Myaamia)."

—The Miami Tribe of Oklahoma.[474]

The names do not have to be from olden days. The names could be recently coined and still be included in this list.

Compiling a list such as this can be a difficult and controversial process, as it requires some discernment as to what are the "whole nations" — the "true nations" in Beaucage's words.

Notes

  1. [N 1]
    When the name of a traditional territory has several possible etymologies, only one or a few English translations are given here (for example Ojibwewaki = "Land of the Record Keepers" is only one of several possibilities). For more, see the Wikipedia article for each nation and the various folk etymologies and proposed etymologies for their national name.
  2. [N 2]
    Though the column of conventional and historic English monikers is not meant to be a comprehensive list, and though some of the references are ephemeral, this column does give a snapshot of how the traditional territories have been spoken of in everyday English.
  3. [N 3]
    This column contains links to existing articles about a single nation's traditional territory. Ideally such Wikipedia articles would include a composite map which showed how each indigenous national territory is portrayed in all of these:
    • key maps from scholars, such as the national boundaries from the Handbook of North American Indians, Alfred Kroeber's culture area maps, and Sturtevant's 1967 "Early Indian Tribes, Culture Areas, & Linguistic Stocks" map.
    • key maps from general sources, such as the tribal boundaries from National Geographic's Indians of North America map from 1972.
    • a map of all treaty lands which that nation is a party, as documented in the Royce land cession maps and the Canadian numbered treaties.
    • the map(s) submitted by each U.S. Indian Nation during the Indian Claims Commission.
    • the final ICC "judicially established" map.
    • the NAGPRA "area of interest" map from each U.S. Indian Nation.
    • a map showing the location of all former reservation lands.
    • a map of current reservation and trust lands.
    • the location of national sites and diasporic populations situated outside of those lands—for example, outlying historic villages (such as the Bulltown Lenape village in what's now West Virginia, which was never a part of Lenape treaty lands) and modern "satellite" communities (for example, the "at-large" Community Groups of the Cherokee Nation).
    • a map of the State Designated Tribal Statistical Area (SDTSA) for state-recognized Indian Nations.
    • and most importantly, "tribally-interpreted", "indigenous-approved" maps, such as the traditional territory maps from the ongoing British Columbia Treaty Process, and depictions of legendary boundaries from oral history.

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