Lithium_iodide

Lithium iodide

Lithium iodide

Chemical compound

Lithium iodide, or LiI, is a compound of lithium and iodine. When exposed to air, it becomes yellow in color, due to the oxidation of iodide to iodine.[2] It crystallizes in the NaCl motif.[3] It can participate in various hydrates.[4]

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Applications

LiI chains grown inside double-wall carbon nanotubes.[5]

Lithium iodide is used as a solid-state electrolyte for high-temperature batteries. It is also the standard electrolyte in artificial pacemakers[6] due to the long cycle life it enables.[7] The solid is used as a phosphor for neutron detection.[8] It is also used, in a complex with Iodine, in the electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cells.

In organic synthesis, LiI is useful for cleaving C-O bonds. For example, it can be used to convert methyl esters to carboxylic acids:[9]

RCO2CH3 + LiI → RCO2Li + CH3I

Similar reactions apply to epoxides and aziridines.

Lithium iodide was used as a radiocontrast agent for CT scans. Its use was discontinued due to renal toxicity. Inorganic iodine solutions suffered from hyperosmolarity and high viscosities. Current iodinated contrast agents are organoiodine compounds.[10]

See also

References

  1. [1]
    Patnaik, Pradyot (2002) Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
  2. [2]
    "Lithium iodide" (PDF). ESPI Corp. MSDS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-03-09. Retrieved 2005-09-16.
  3. [3]
    Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
  4. [4]
    Wietelmann, Ulrich and Bauer, Richard J. (2005) "Lithium and Lithium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_393.
  5. [5]
    Senga, Ryosuke; Suenaga, Kazu (2015). "Single-atom electron energy loss spectroscopy of light elements". Nature Communications. 6: 7943. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.7943S. doi:10.1038/ncomms8943. PMC 4532884. PMID 26228378.
  6. [6]
    Holmes, C. (2007-09-28). "The Lithium/Iodine-Polyvinylpyridine Pacemaker Battery - 35 years of Successful Clinical Use". ECS Transactions. 6 (5): 1–7. Bibcode:2007ECSTr...6e...1H. doi:10.1149/1.2790382. ISSN 1938-5862. S2CID 138189063.
  7. [7]
    Hanif, Maryam (2008). "The Pacemaker Battery - Review Article". UIC Bioengineering Student Journal.
  8. [8]
    Nicholson, K. P.; et al. (1955). "Some lithium iodide phosphors for slow neutron detection". Br. J. Appl. Phys. 6 (3): 104–106. Bibcode:1955BJAP....6..104N. doi:10.1088/0508-3443/6/3/311.
  9. [9]
    Charette, André B.; Barbay, J. Kent and He, Wei (2005) "Lithium Iodide" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rl121.pub2
  10. [10]
    Lusic, Hrvoje; Grinstaff, Mark W. (2013). "X-ray-Computed Tomography Contrast Agents". Chemical Reviews. 113 (3): 1641–66. doi:10.1021/cr200358s. PMC 3878741. PMID 23210836.
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