Lithospermum_incisum

<i>Lithospermum incisum</i>

Lithospermum incisum

Species of flowering plant in the borage family Boraginaceae

Lithospermum incisum is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by several common names, including fringed puccoon, narrowleaf stoneseed, fringed gromwell, narrowleaf puccoon, and plains stoneseed. It is native to much of central Canada and the United States, where it is known from many types of habitat, but particularly piñon-juniper woodland. It is a hairy perennial herb growing from a narrow brown to black taproot and woody caudex.[2] It produces a cluster of stems up to about 30 centimeters long. The stems are lined with narrow, pointed leaves up to 6 centimeters long. The slender, trumpet-shaped flowers are pale to bright yellow or gold, and may approach 4 centimeters long. The corolla face is 1 to 2 centimeters wide, its lobes sometimes ruffled. The smaller cleistogamous (closed) flowers are the main producers of seed.[2]

Quick Facts Lithospermum incisum, Conservation status ...

Traditional uses

Used medicinally by Native Americans, the ground leaves roots and stems were rubbed on the limbs to reduce paralysis.[3] Among the Zuni people, a salve of the powdered root applied ceremonially to swelling of any body part. A poultice of root is used and decoction of the plant is taken for swelling and sore throat.[4] The powdered root mixed with bum branch resin and used for abrasions and skin infections. An infusion of the root is taken for stomachache and kidney problems.[5] The leaves are bound to arrow shafts, close to the point, obscured by sinew wrapping and used in wartime.[6]

Cultivation

Fringed gromwell reacts badly to being transplanted while actively growing, the leaves often turning black. It is less damaged if transplanted when dormant, taking as much of the pencil sized roots as possible. They grow best in very sandy, well draining soils, though they do grow in soils with some loam or clay.[2]

References

  1. [1]
    NatureServe (2023). "Lithospermum incisum". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  2. [2]
    Barr, Claude A. (1983). Jewels of the plains : wild flowers of the Great Plains grasslands and hills. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-8166-1127-0.
  3. [3]
    Kelly Kindscher, Medicinal Wild Plants of the Prairie: An Ethnobotanical Guide (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992)
  4. [4]
    Stevenson, Matilda Coxe 1915 Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #30 (p. 56)
  5. [5]
    Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye 1980 A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388 (p. 374)
  6. [6]
    Stevenson, p.93
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