Melatonin receptor type 1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTNR1A gene.^[5][6]

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MTNR1A
Identifiers
Aliases	MTNR1A, MEL-1A-R, MT1, Melatonin receptor 1A
External IDs	OMIM: 600665 MGI: 102967 HomoloGene: 21207 GeneCards: MTNR1A
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 4 (human)[1] Band 4q35.2 Start 186,533,655 bp[1] End 186,555,567 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 8 (mouse)[2] Band 8 B1.1|8 24.95 cM Start 45,522,174 bp[2] End 45,541,543 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in palpebral conjunctiva rectum islet of Langerhans kidney appendix gallbladder cerebellar cortex cerebellar hemisphere body of pancreas duodenum Top expressed in lens suprachiasmatic nucleus spermatid superior cervical ganglion liver left lobe of liver duodenum median eminence temporal lobe olfactory cortex More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function hormone binding G protein-coupled receptor activity organic cyclic compound binding signal transducer activity protein binding melatonin receptor activity Cellular component integral component of membrane membrane receptor complex integral component of plasma membrane plasma membrane Biological process G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger mating behavior signal transduction circadian rhythm G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4543 17773 Ensembl ENSG00000168412 ENSMUSG00000054764 UniProt P48039 Q61184 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005958 NM_008639 RefSeq (protein) NP_005949 NP_032665 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 186.53 – 186.56 Mb Chr 8: 45.52 – 45.54 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
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This gene encodes the MT₁ protein, one of two high-affinity forms of a receptor for melatonin, the primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland. This receptor is a G protein-coupled, 7-transmembrane receptor that is responsible for melatonin effects on mammalian circadian rhythm and reproductive alterations affected by day length. The receptor is an integral membrane protein that is readily detectable and localized to two specific regions of the brain. The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus appears to be involved in circadian rhythm while the hypophysial pars tuberalis may be responsible for the reproductive effects of melatonin.^[6]

1. Melatonin – full agonist
2. Afobazole – agonist
3. Agomelatine – agonist

• Melatonin receptor
• Discovery and development of melatonin receptor agonists