Monadofilosa

Monadofilosa

Monadofilosa

Group of protists

Monadofilosa is a grouping of Cercozoa.[1] (It is sometimes considered one of three, the other two being Phytomyxa and Reticulofilosa.)[citation needed] These organisms are single-celled amoeboid protists.

Quick Facts Scientific classification, Classes ...

Classification

Monadofilosa includes the testaceans, which are testate filose amoeboids, and the cercomonads.

It is sometimes described as Testaceafilosia and Sarcomonadea.[2]

It has also been described as Sarcomonadea (Cercomonas, Heteromita, Bodomorpha, Proleptomonas, Allantion), Thecofilosea (Cryptodifflugia, Cryothecomonas), Spongomonadea (Spongomonas, Rhipidodendron), and Imbricatea (Thaumatomonas, Thaumatomastix, Allas, Gyromitus, Euglypha, Trinema, Paulinella).[3]

Monadofilosa is sometimes treated as a superclass rather than a subphylum.

Sainouron has been grouped in Monadofilosa.[4]

Phylogeny

Phylogeny based on Bass et al. 2009,[5] Howe et al. 2011[6] and Bass et al. 2016.[7]

Metromonadea

Metopiida

Metromonadida

Cercomonadida

Glissomonadida

Pansomonadida

Ventrifilosa
Thecofilosea
Silicofilosea
Placoperla
Perlatia

Perlofilida

Spongomonadida

Placofila

Rotosphaerida

Thaumatomonadida

Placonuda

Discocelida

Discomonadida

Euglyphida

Nudisarca

Variglissida

Marimonadida
Sarcomonadea
(paraphyletic)

Taxonomy

  • Infraphylum Monadofilosa Cavalier-Smith 1997 stat. n. Cavalier-Smith & Oates 2012 [Eoglissa Cavalier-Smiths 2012][8]
    • Family ?Katabiidae Cavalier-Smith 2012
    • Order ?Pseudodimorphida
    • Order Cercomonadida Poche 1913 emend. Karpov et al. 2006
    • Class Helkesea Cavalier-Smith 2017
      • Order Ventricleftida Cavalier-Smith 2011
      • Order Helkesida Cavalier-Smith 2017 [Sainourida]
    • Class Metromonadea Cavalier-Smith 2007
      • Order Metromonadida Bass & Cavalier-Smith 2004 emend. Cavalier-Smith & Oates 2012
      • Order Metopiida Cavalier-Smith 2003
    • Clade Glissomonadida-Pansomonadida
      • Order Pseudosporida Hibberd 1983 sensu Cavalier-Smith 1993
      • Order Dimorphida Siemensma 1991 [Endonucleoplastiales]
      • Order Glissomonadida Howe & Cavalier-Smith 2009 emend. Hess et al. 2013
      • Order Pansomonadida Vickerman 2005
    • Superclass Ventrifilosa Cavalier-Smith 2012
      • Class Thecofilosea Cavalier-Smith 2003 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2011 [Tripylea Hertwig 1879]
        • Order ?Hemimastigida Foissner, Blatterer & Foissner 1988
        • Subclass Eothecia Cavalier-Smith 2012
          • Family ?Botuliformidae
          • Order Matazida Cavalier-Smith 2012
          • Order Ebriida Poche [Ebriales Honigsberg 1964; Stereotestales]
          • Order Cryomonadida Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Cryothecomonadida]
        • Subclass Tectosia Cavalier-Smith 2012
      • Class Silicofilosea Adl et al. 2005 emend. Adl et al. 2012 [Imbricatea Cavalier-Smith 2011]
        • Subclass Placoperla Cavalier-Smith 2012
          • Superorder Perlatia Cavalier-Smith 2012
            • Order Perlofilida Cavalier-Smith 2012
            • Order Spongomonadida Hibberd 1983 emend. Karpov 1990
          • Superorder Placofila Cavalier-Smith 2012
            • Order Zoelucasida Cavalier-Smith 2014
            • Order Rotosphaerida Rainer 1968
            • Order Thaumatomonadida Shirkina 1987
        • Subclass Placonuda Cavalier-Smith 2012
          • Order ?Discocelida Cavalier-Smith 1997
          • Order ?Discomonadida Cavalier-Smith 2014
          • Superorder Euglyphia Cavalier-Smith 2012
            • Order Euglyphida Copeland 1956 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1997 [Euglyphina Bovee 1985]
          • Superorder Nudisarca Cavalier-Smith 2012
            • Order Variglissida Cavalier-Smith 2014 [Clautriaviida; Nudifilida]
            • Order Marimonadida Cavalier-Smith & Bass 2011 [Auranticordida]

References

  1. [1]
    Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE (October 2003). "Phylogeny and classification of phylum Cercozoa (Protozoa)". Protist. 154 (3–4): 341–58. doi:10.1078/143446103322454112. PMID 14658494.
  2. [2]
    Wylezich C, Meisterfeld R, Meisterfeld S, Schlegel M (2002). "Phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal RNA coding regions reveal a monophyletic lineage of euglyphid testate amoebae (Order Euglyphida)". J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 49 (2): 108–18. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00352.x. PMID 12043958. S2CID 33818305.
  3. [3]
    "www.nies.go.jp". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2009-06-26.
  4. [4]
    Cavalier-Smith T, Lewis R, Chao EE, Oates B, Bass D (October 2008). "Morphology and phylogeny of Sainouron acronematica sp. n. and the ultrastructural unity of Cercozoa". Protist. 159 (4): 591–620. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2008.04.002. PMID 18583188.
  5. [5]
    Bass D, Chao EE, Nikolaev S, et al. (February 2009). "Phylogeny of Novel Naked Filose and Reticulose Cercozoa: Granofilosea cl. n. and Proteomyxidea Revised". Protist. 160 (1): 75–109. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2008.07.002. PMID 18952499.
  6. [6]
    Howe; et al. (2011), "Novel Cultured Protists Identify Deep-branching Environmental DNA Clades of Cercozoa: New Genera Tremula, Micrometopion, Minimassisteria, Nudifila, Peregrinia", Protist, 162 (2): 332–372, doi:10.1016/j.protis.2010.10.002, PMID 21295519
  7. [7]
    Bass, et al. (2016). "Coprophilic amoebae and flagellates, including Guttulinopsis, Rosculus and Helkesimastix, characterise a divergent and diverse rhizarian radiation and contribute to a large diversity of faecal-associated protists". Environmental Microbiology. 18 (5): 1604–1619. Bibcode:2016EnvMi..18.1604B. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13235. PMID 26914587.
  8. [8]
    Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (5 September 2017). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. PMC 5756292. PMID 28875267.
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