Monodora_undulata
Monodora undulata
Species of plant in the family Annonaceae
Monodora undulata is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone.[3] Palisot de Beauvois the botanist and entomologist who first formally described the species using the basionym Xylopia undulata, named it after the wavy (undulātus, in Latin) margins of its petals.[1]
| Monodora undulata | |
|---|---|
| Botanical illustration of Monodora undulata (using the synonym Xylopia undulata).[1] | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Magnoliales |
| Family: | Annonaceae |
| Genus: | Monodora |
| Species: | M. undulata |
| Binomial name | |
| Monodora undulata (P.Beauv.) Couvreur | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Habzelia undulata (P.Beauv.) A.DC. | |
It is a tree reaching 20 meters in height. Its mature leathery leaves are 10–40 by 8–13 centimeters and come to a point at their tips. The leaves are smooth on their upper and lower surfaces. Its petioles are 5–10 millimeters long. Its pendulous flowers are solitary. Each flower is on a pedicel 30-55 millimeters long. Its flowers have 3 oval-shaped sepals that are 7–11 by 5–10 millimeters. The sepals are green and smooth on both sides with wavy margins and are arched backwards when mature. Its 6 petals are arranged in two rows of 3. The outer petals are white with yellow and purple highlights, 3–4.5 by 1.5–3.0 centimeters, and have very wavy margins. The outer petals are smooth on both sides. The inner petals are yellow with purple spots with margins that touch one another. The inner petals have a 2.-5 millimeter wide claw at their base and a 2–2.7 by 1.5–2 centimeter blade. The inner petals are smooth on their outer surface, and have 2–2.5 millimeter hairs on their inner surface. It has 12–14 rows of stamens that are 1 millimeter long. Its ovoid fruit are 6–12 by 4–6 centimeters and brown and smooth. Its seeds are 9–20 by 6–11 millimeters.[4]
Reproductive biology
The pollen of M. undulata is shed as permanent tetrads.[5]
It has been observed growing in swampy terrain and along rivers, in rain forests, at elevations from 0–700 meters.[6]
- de Beauvois, Palisot (1804). Flore d'Oware et de Benin, en Afrique [Flora of Oware and Benin, Africa] (in Latin and French). Paris: De L’imprimerie De Fain Jeune et Compagnie.
- Cosiaux, A.; Couvreur, T.L.P.; Erkens, R.H.J. (2019). "Monodora undulata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T132683697A133046275. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132683697A133046275.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- "Monodora undulata (P.Beauv.) Couvreur". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
- Couvreur, Thomas L.P. (2008). Revealing the Secrets of African Annonaceae: Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of the Syncarpous Genera Isolona and Monodora (Ph.D.). Wageningen University. ISBN 978-90-8504-924-1.
- Couvreur, Thomas L. P.; Botermans, Marleen; van Heuven, Bertie Joan; van der Ham, Raymond W. J. M. (2008). "Pollen morphology within the Monodora clade, a diverse group of five African Annonaceae genera". Grana. 47 (3): 185–210. doi:10.1080/00173130802256913. ISSN 0017-3134.
- Couvreur, Thomas L. P. (2009). "Monograph of the Syncarpous African Genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae)". Systematic Botany Monographs. 87: 1–150.
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