The National Coalition for Romania (Romanian: Coaliția Națională pentru România, CNR), initially referred to as the Coalition for Resilience, Development and Prosperity (Romanian: Coaliția pentru Reziliență, Dezvoltare și Prosperitate, CRDP), is a big tent grand coalition in Romania, which includes the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Liberal Party (PNL). In addition, this grand coalition supports the presidency of Klaus Iohannis. The CNR also included the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) until its withdrawal from the coalition in June 2023.

After the 2021 Romanian political crisis, PNL, PSD, and UDMR/RMDSZ reached an agreement to rule the country together through a grand coalition for the next seven years. Thus, it was agreed that the prime minister of Romania and several other important ministries should be changed every year and a half. Consequently, the first prime minister to be appointed was Nicolae Ciucă of PNL. Ciucă Cabinet was sworn in on 25 November,^[1] the day Florin Cîțu, Rareș Bogdan, Marcel Ciolacu, Hunor Kelemen, and Varujan Pambuccian founded the coalition.^[2][3] Up until the swearing in of Ciucă's cabinet, it was referred to as the CRDP.^[4] On 23 November 2021, Marcel Ciolacu (PSD) was elected president of the Chamber of Deputies.^[5] On the same day, Anca Dragu (USR) was dismissed as Senate of Romania chairman, being replaced by the former prime minister Florin Cîțu (PNL).^[6] In early 2022, the coalition's activity was praised by Iohannis, who is the incumbent president of Romania,^[7] stating that "the Romanian political class has shown democratic maturity".^[8]

On 12 June 2023, according to the protocol of the CNR, Ciucă resigned.^[9] The next day, Iohannis designated Marcel Ciolacu to be the next prime minister.^[10] Ciucă became the president of the Senate of Romania on 13 June 2023.^[11] UDMR also withdrew from the coalition after PNL decided to take the Minister of Development, Public Works and Administration, which was held by UDMR in the Ciucă Cabinet.^[12][13] On 15 June 2023, the Parliament of Romania voted the Ciolacu Cabinet. Iohannis praised the new PSD-PNL coalition, saying that this new model implemented in Romanian politics, in reference to the government rotation, "has worked very well so far". He also declared that "the fact that today we are here to formalize the rotation of the prime ministers shows a new level of seriousness of the coalition."^[14] According to the World Press Freedom Index, the freedom of the press in Romania declined during Ciucă's premiership, from 75.09 in 2021 to 69.04 in 2023.^[15][16]

Although they have opposing ideologies, both PSD and PNL claim to have formed a reformist-minded alliance.^[17] The parties in the coalition have been variously described as taking an overall comparatively state-oriented and conservative approach,^[18][19][20] the main common idea of the two being economic patriotism.^[21][22][23]

While former PSD and PNL rivals claim to have made the alliance in the interest of the people,^[24] there was heavy criticism of both parties because they promised not to form an alliance with each other.^[25][26][27] Iohannis, who is rumored to be the coalition's architect,^[28] was sharply criticized because, between 2018 and 2020, he had repeatedly criticized PSD,^[29] then brought it back to government.^[30][31] At one point, PNL president Florin Cîțu stated: "Our [PNL's] former [coalition] partners [the USR] shook hands with the PSD, [and] they didn't want to shake hands with us [the PNL] anymore."^[32]

Critics called the coalition the second monstrous coalition,^[33][34][35] or USL 2.0,^[36][37] as well as kleptocratic, authoritarian, autocratic,^[38] illiberal,^[39][40] and corrupt.^[41][42][43] Ludovic Orban, former PNL president and prime minister, has seen the coalition as a "danger for Romanian democracy".^[44] According to the Freedom House Romania experienced "democratic backsliding" during Ciucă's premiership,^[45] with The Economist ranking it last in the European Union in the world terms of democracy,^[46] behind the democratic backsliding under Viktor Orbán.^[47]

It is unknown whether or not the coalition will cooperate in upcoming elections. On 21 February 2024, PNL and PSD announced in a joint declaration that they would participate together in the 2024 European Parliament election in Romania.^[48][49]

• Force of the Right (FD), the most recent major PNL splinter founded by former PNL president and former prime minister Ludovic Orban in late 2021
• Social Liberal Union (USL), a similar political alliance active between 2011 and 2014