Weapons using new physical principle

The term is currently used primarily in Russia.^[1] The Encyclopedia of the Russian Ministry of Defense identifies the following types of new physical principles weapons that have been developed to varying degrees by the 21st century:

• directed energy weapons, like infrasound, laser, and super-high frequency weapons
• electromagnetic weapons, such as some lasers and super-high frequency weapons
• geophysical weapons, including climate, ozone, environmental, and seismic weapons
• genetic weapons
• non-lethal arms
• radiological weapons^[2]

New weapon of mass destructions

New types of "weapons of mass destruction and new systems of such weapons" were defined by the United Nations General Assembly in 1975.^[3] In 1976, the US State Department stated that these weapons are based on "qualitatively new principles of action", which can be new due to the nature of the impact, target to be attacked, method of action, or how they are used.^[4] Examples given were infrasound weapons designed to damage internal organs and affect human behavior; genetic weapons, the use of which would affect the mechanism of heredity; ray weapons capable of affecting blood and intracellular plasma; robotic military equipment; unmanned controlled aircraft; and weapon systems, like aerospace weapon systems, where nuclear weapons are transported by spaceships and thereby more dangerous.^[4]

In the never-adopted draft treaty of 1975, the proposed language in the United Nations Disarmament Conference classification for "new weapons of mass description" to be banned included:

• radiological means of the non-explosive type acting with the aid of radioactive materials
• technical means of inflicting radiation injury based on the use of charged or neutral particles to affect biological targets
• infrasonic means using acoustic radiation to affect biological targets
• means using electromagnetic radiation to affect biological targets.^[3]

The Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques of 1977 does not identify specific weapons or technology.^[5]

Non-lethal weapons

NATO definition of non-lethal weapons include new responsive technologies—like lasers, kinetic and acoustic devices.^[6] Examples of non-lethal weapons are counter-personnel and radio-frequency vehicle stopping technologies.^[6] The United States Department of Defense's current and future non-lethal weapons programs include active denial, counter-personnel capability that creates a heating sensation, quickly repelling potential adversaries with minimal risk of injury in such missions as force protection, perimeter defense, crowd control, patrols/convoys, defensive and offensive operations.^[7][8][9]

Non-lethal blinding weapons

In 2015, Russia announced a blinding weapon, Rook, that creates a disabling light interference, which can be used against night-vision equipment. It uses ultraviolet, infrared, and visible regions of the spectrum and can change the width and direction of the beam to target specific objects.^[16]

In 2018, Russia announced Peresvet, an anti-satellite blinding laser weapon with a range of 1500 km.^[17]

In 2019, Russia announced the 5P-42 Filin, a non-lethal light-based optical jamming system with a range of up to 5 km.^[18]

In 2021, Russia announced the Lyutik-N visual-optical interference blinding station with a range of up to 100 meters.^[19]