Order_of_battle_for_Operation_Peace_Spring

Order of battle for the 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria

Order of battle for the 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria

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This is the order of battle for the 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria, codenamed "Operation Peace Spring" by Turkey. The pro-Turkish forces, including the Syrian National Army, are opposed by the armed forces of the NES, including the Syrian Democratic Forces.

Turkey and allied forces

 Turkey
Syrian Interim Government

SDF and allied forces

Rojava (Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria)

[...] the Syrian regime's military deployments to northeast Syria have largely relied on sending one or two battalions from nearly two dozen divisions and regiments. [...] In all likelihood, this is driven by a combination of two factors: there are few to no full brigades available to deploy at this time [and] the SAA overwhelming deploys units within specific geographic boundaries.

—Gregory Waters, Middle East Institute researcher[44]

Syria Syria

Note: The pro-Syrian government National Defence Forces have an active branch in al-Hasakah Governorate, but have refused to fight alongside the SDF against Turkish-led forces. This is motivated by animosity of local NDF troops toward the SDF, as well as internal leadership disputes that have paralyzed al-Hasakah's NDF. In addition, the General Intelligence Branch 330 is known to be active in northern Syria.[44]

Allied armed groups:


References

  1. "Suriye'ye ilk adımı atan birliğin komutanı tanıdık çıktı". odatv.com.
  2. Adi Smajić; Paul McLoughlin (9 October 2019). "Revealed: Turkey's three-stage plan to capture northern Syria from Kurdish militias, lasting into 2020". The New Arab. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  3. Fatma Ben Hamad. (21 October 2019). "Images document extrajudicial killings by Turkish-backed militia in Syria". France24. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  4. Tastekin, Fehim (13 October 2019). "Who are the Turkish-backed forces in latest Syria incursion?". al-Monitor. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
  5. "تعرّف إلى توزّع الجيش الوطني على محاور العملية العسكرية شرق الفرات" [Learn about the distribution of the national army on the axis of the military operation east of the Euphrates]. Qasioun News (in Arabic). 8 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  6. Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (5 November 2019). "Division 20: Interview". Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  7. Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (8 November 2019). "The Men of War Brigade: Interview". Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  8. "تل أبيض: مراسل جسر يرصد انتهاكات بحق المدنيين من قبل فصائل "الوطني"" [Tel Abyad: Jisr reporter monitors abuses against civilians by SNA factions]. Jesr Press (in Arabic). 18 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  9. Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad. "Turkish Operations East of the Euphrates: A Rebel Perspective". Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi.
  10. Sami Moubayed (11 October 2019). "Kurds face uphill battle against Turkish and Syrian armies". Gulf News. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  11. Walid Al Nofal (15 October 2019). "The Syrian National Army: For the Syrian revolution or against the Kurds?". Syria:Direct. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  12. NUR ÖZKAN ERBAY; MUSTAFA KIRIKÇIOĞLU (13 October 2019). "Syrian Kurds look to end YPG-rule in Syria". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  13. "Militäroffensive der Türkei: Deutsche Waffenexporte auf höchstem Stand seit 14 Jahren" [Turkey's military offensive: German weapons exports at the highest level since 14 years]. Frankfurter Rundschau (in German). 17 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  14. Ammar Hamou (27 October 2019). "Civilians the only innocent party in 'Operation Peace Spring'". Syria:Direct. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  15. Szuba, Jared (10 October 2019). "'The border is on fire': Turkey's ground forces battle Syria's Kurds near Tal Abyad". The Defense Post. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  16. Joanne Stocker (14 November 2019). ""The sky is against us" – Syrian Christian fighters struggle to hold their lines in Tel Tamer". Defense Post. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  17. "لواء الشمال الديمقراطي يؤكد مواصلة النضال للدفاع عن مكتسبات المنطقة ضد أي تهديد" [The Northern Democratic Brigade affirms the continued struggle to defend the gains of the region against any threat]. ANF News (in Arabic). 11 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  18. "The Armenian Battalion taking part in defense of Serêkaniyê". ANF News. 12 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  19. Roj Eli Zalla (5 November 2019). "Northern Syrian Christians on a mission to protect their villages". Rudaw. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  20. "Assyrian fighters: We are attacked by the ISIS". ANF. 7 November 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  21. Delil Souleiman (19 November 2019). "In northeast Syria, last Assyrians fear Turkish advance". Times of Israel. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  22. ÇAKSU, ERSİN (11 October 2019). "Not a single house captured by the enemy in Serekaniye". ANF News. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  23. Manbij Military Council (14 October 2019). "قوات مجلس منبج العسكري تحبط هجوماً لمرتزقة درع الفرات". المجلس العسكري لمدينة منبج وريفها (in Arabic). Retrieved 14 October 2019.
  24. "Qamishlo bid farewell to its four martyrs". ANF News. 12 October 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  25. "SDF fighter Ismail Hisên laid to rest". ANF News. 9 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  26. "Six SDF martyrs laid to rest in Heseke". ANF News. 15 November 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  27. "Emotional farewell ceremony for 8 SDF martyrs in Şedadê". ANF News. 28 November 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  28. "Two martyrs laid to rest in Raqqa". ANF News. 28 November 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  29. "SDF: 118 invading forces members killed". ANF News. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  30. Gregory Waters (20 November 2019). "Return to the northeast: Syrian Army deployments against Turkish forces". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  31. "Why is Turkey invading northeast Syria?". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  32. "MLKP fighter fell in Rojava". ANF News. 19 December 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.

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