Pedunculagin

Pedunculagin

Pedunculagin

Chemical compound

Pedunculagin is an ellagitannin. It is formed from casuarictin via the loss of a gallate group.

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Natural occurrence

Pedunculagin is found in plants in orders in the clade Rosidae. It can be found the pericarp of pomegranates (Punica granatum), in the family Lythraceae, in the order Myrtales.[1] It is also found in plants in the order Fagales such as walnuts (Juglans regia) in the family Juglandaceae,[2] in Alnus sieboldiana[3] and in the Manchurian alder (Alnus hirsuta var. microphylla), both species in the family Betulaceae[4] and it is one of the main oak wood ellagitannins along with castalagin, vescalagin, grandinin and roburins A-E (genus Quercus, in the family Fagaceae).[5] It is also found in the Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), a plant in the family Phyllanthaceae, in the order Malpighiales.[6]

Galloyl pedunculagin can be found in Platycarya strobilacea.[7]

Research

Pedunculagin is a highly active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor in vitro.[1]

Chemistry

A total synthesis of pedunculagin has been reported.[8]

Pedunculagin is an isomer of terflavin B.

References

  1. [1]
    Satomi, H.; Umemura, K.; Ueno, A.; Hatano, T.; Okuda, T.; Noro, T. (1993). "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors from the pericarps of Punica granatum L". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 16 (8): 787–790. doi:10.1248/bpb.16.787. PMID 8220326.
  2. [2]
    Cerdá, B. A.; Tomás-Barberán, F. A.; Espín, J. C. (2005). "Metabolism of Antioxidant and Chemopreventive Ellagitannins from Strawberries, Raspberries, Walnuts, and Oak-Aged Wine in Humans: Identification of Biomarkers and Individual Variability". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53 (2): 227–235. doi:10.1021/jf049144d. PMID 15656654.
  3. [3]
    Structures of alnusiin and bicornin, new hydrolyzable tannins having a monolactonized tergalloyl group. Yoshida T, Yazaki K, Memon M.U, Maruyama I, Kurokawa K, Shingu T and Okuda T, Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin, 1989, volume 37, number 10, pages 2655-2660, INIST 19467830 (abstract)
  4. [4]
    Lee, O.; Choi, M.; Ha, S.; Lee, G.; Kim, J.; Park, G.; Lee, M.; Choi, Y.; Kim, M.; Oh, C. H. (2010). "Effect of pedunculagin investigated by non-invasive evaluation on atopic-like dermatitis in NC/Nga mice". Skin Research and Technology. 16 (3): 371–377. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2010.00443.x. PMID 20637007. S2CID 25752299.
  5. [5]
    Azorín-Ortuño, M. A.; Urbán, C.; Cerón, J. J.; Tecles, F.; Gil-Izquierdo, A.; Pallarés, F. J.; Tomás-Barberán, F. A.; Espín, J. C. (2008). "Safety Evaluation of an Oak-Flavored Milk Powder Containing Ellagitannins upon Oral Administration in the Rat". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (8): 2857–2865. doi:10.1021/jf8000857. PMID 18370397.
  6. [6]
    Bhattacharya, A.; Chatterjee, A.; Ghosal, S.; Bhattacharya, S. K. (1999). "Antioxidant activity of active tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis (amla)". Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 37 (7): 676–680. PMID 10522157.
  7. [7]
    Ueno, T.; Miyanaga, T.; Kawakami, F.; Okano, M.; Tanaka, T.; Ohtsuki, K. (2002). "Further characterization of galloyl pedunculagin as an effective autophosphorylation inhibitor of C-kinase in vitro". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 25 (11): 1401–1404. doi:10.1248/bpb.25.1401. hdl:10069/8378. PMID 12419947.
  8. [8]
    Feldman, K. S.; Smith, R. S. (1996). "Ellagitannin Chemistry. First Total Synthesis of the 2,3- and 4,6-Coupled Ellagitannin Pedunculagin". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 61 (8): 2606–2612. doi:10.1021/jo952130+. PMID 11667089.
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