Peter Daniel Anthonisz CMG FRCSE (25 June 1822 – 12 June 1903) was a Burgher doctor who was the first Ceylonese to obtain an M.R.C.P. and F.R.C.S.^[1][2] He was also the inaugural president of the Ceylon Branch of the British Medical Association^[3] and a member of the Legislative Council for nine years.^[1]

Peter Daniel Anthonisz was born on 25 June 1822 in Galle,^[4] the first son of ten children, to Leonardus Henricus Anthonisz (1796–1845), the Chief Clerk of the Galle Customs,^[5][6] and Susanna Dorothea née Deutrom (1805–1872).^[6][7] In 1838 at the age of sixteen he was appointed as a medical sub-assistant at the Military Hospital in Galle.^[1][6] The following year he was sent to study at the Bengal Medical College in Calcutta, returning in 1843.^[6] In the 1850s he worked as a physician at the Military Hospital in Colombo (his patients included the Governor Sir William Henry Gregory).^[6] In June 1856 he travelled to England, where he obtained an M.R.C.P. (Membership of the Royal College of Physicians, London)^[8] and was elected a Fellow of The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (FRCSEd) on 1 April 1857.^[6] He returned to Ceylon in 1858, where in August he was appointed to as the Colonial Surgeon of the Southern Province, a post he remained at until 1880.^[6] During this period he travelled to Europe, where in 1863 he received a Doctorate in Medicine from the University of St Andrews (St Andrews, Scotland).^[6] In 1881 he left to do further studies. Upon his return in 1883 he took up the position of Chief Medical Officer at Galle.^[6] Anthonisz was the first doctor to successfully undertake oesophagotomy and ovariotomy^[9] surgery in the country. His oesophagotomy was reportedly the first recorded in British medical annals.^[6][10][11]

Anthonisz served on the Galle Municipal Council^[12] (Fort Ward)^[13] and between 1886 and 1895 he represented the Burgher community on the Legislative Council,^{[6][13][14][15][16]} the first Burgher appointee from a non-legal background.^[17] One of his most significant achievements during his time on the Legislative Council was the realisation of the railway line between Colombo and Matara.^[6][17]

On 17 December 1887 he became the inaugural President of the Ceylon branch of the British Medical Association (now known as the Sri Lanka Medical Association).^{[6][13][14][18]} In November 1889 Dr Anthonisz led the local opposition against the Government's proposal to demolish the ramparts of the 17th-century Dutch fort. Anthonisz argued that the fort provided protection from monsoon tidal floods and ships at anchor in the harbour^[19] – a fact later proven with the 2004 tsunami. In 1892 he was awarded the Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George.^[6][20]

Anthonisz died in Galle on 12 June 1903 and is buried at the Galle Dutch Reformed Church.^[6][21]

The Galle Clock Tower was erected in his memory in 1883.^[13][14][22]

The 'Anthonisz Ward' at the Colombo General Hospital (now known as the 'National Hospital') is named after him.^[6][23][24]

• Anthonisz, Peter Daniel (1887). Remarks on the Treatment of Small-pox & Elephantiasis. Ceylon Observer Press.