Potamogetonaceae
Potamogetonaceae
Family of aquatic plants
The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over six genera.[2] The largest genus in the family by far is Potamogeton, which contains about 100 species.
| Potamogetonaceae | |
|---|---|
| Potamogeton crispus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Potamogetonaceae Rchb.[1] |
| Genera | |
|
See text | |
The family has a subcosmopolitan distribution, and is considered to be one of the most important angiosperm groups in the aquatic environment because of its use as food and habitat for aquatic animals.[3]
The Potamogetonaceae are currently placed in the early diverging monocot order Alismatales by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.[1] Their concept of the family includes the plants sometimes treated in the separate family Zannichelliaceae, but excludes the genus Ruppia. So circumscribed, the family currently consists of six genera: Althenia, Groenlandia, Lepilaena, Potamogeton, Stuckenia, and Zannichellia,[4] totalling about 120 species of perennial aquatic plants.
Marine grasses families: Zosteraceae, Cymodoceaceae, Ruppiaceae and Posidoniaceae. Related families: Potamogetonaceae, Zannichelliaceae (not consistently).
| Kubitzki (ed. 1998[5]) | Watson & Dallwitz (delta-intkey)[6] | data.kew[7] | APWeb (mobot.org)[8] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zosteraceae | |||
| 1. Zostera L. | Zostera | Zostera L. | Zostera L. (including Heterozostera den Hartog, Macrozostera Tomlinson & Posluzny, Nanozostera Tomlinson & Posluzny, Zosterella J. K. Small) |
| 2. Heterozostera den Hartog | Heterozostera | Heterozostera (Setch.) Hartog | (in Zostera) |
| 3. Phyllospadix Hook. | Phyllospadix | Phyllospadix Hook. | Phyllospadix J. D. Hooker |
| Cymodoceaceae | |||
| 1. Syringodium Kütz | Syringodium | Syringodium Kutz. | (in Cymodocea) |
| 2. Halodule Endl. | Halodule | Halodule Endl. | Halodule Endlicher |
| 3. Cymodocea König | Cymodocea | Cymodocea K.Koenig (including Phycoschoenus (Asch.) Nakai ) | Cymodocea König (including Amphibolis Agardh ?, Syringodium Kütz. ?, Thalassodendron den Hartog ?) |
| 4. Amphibolis Agardh | Amphibolis | Amphibolis C.Agardh (including Pectinella J.M.Black) | (in Cymodocea) |
| 5. Thalassodendron de Hartog | (name not found) | Thalassodendron Hartog | (in Cymodocea) |
| Ruppiaceae | |||
| Ruppia L. | Ruppia | (in Ruppia L. in Potamogetonaceae) | Ruppia L. |
| Posidoniaceae | |||
| Posidonia König | Posidonia | Posidonia K.Koenig | Posidonia König |
| Kubitzki (ed. 1998[5]) | Watson & Dallwitz (delta-intkey)[9] | data.kew[10] | APWeb (mobot.org)[11] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Potamogetonaceae | |||
| 1. Potamogeton L. | Potamogeton | Potamogeton L. | Potamogeton L. (including Coleogeton Les & Haynes, Stuckenia Börner) |
| 2. Groenlandia J. Gray | Groenlandia | Groenlandia J.Gay | Groenlandia J. Gay |
| (in Ruppia in Ruppiaceae) | (in Ruppia in Ruppiaceae) | Ruppia L. | (in Ruppia in Ruppiaceae) |
| (in Althenia: Zannichelliaceae and Lepilaena: Zannichelliaceae) | (in Althenia: Zannichelliaceae and Lepilaena: Zannichelliaceae) | (in Althenia F.Petit: Zannichelliaceae and Lepilaena J.L.Drumm. ex Harv.:Zannichelliaceae) | Althenia Petit (including Lepilaena Harvey) |
| (in Pseudalthenia including Vleisia: Zannichelliaceae) | (in Pseudalthenia: Zannichelliaceae and Vleisia: Zannichelliaceae) | (Pseudalthenia not found, Vleisia Toml. & Posl.: Zannichelliaceae) | Pseudalthenia Nakai (including Vleisia Tomlinson & Posluszny) |
| (in Zannichellia L.: Zannichelliaceae) | (in Zannichellia: Zannichelliaceae) | (in Zannichellia L.: Zannichelliaceae) | Zannichellia L. |
| Zannichelliaceae | |||
| 1. Zannichellia L. | Zannichellia | Zannichellia L. | (in Zannichellia L.: Potamogetonaceae) |
| 2. Pseudalthenia Nakai (including Vleisia) | Pseudalthenia (excluding Vleisia) | (name not found) | (in Pseudalthenia: Potamogetonaceae) |
| 3. Althenia Petit (excluding Lepilaena Drumm. ex. Harv.) | Althenia (excluding Lepilaena) | Althenia F.Petit (excluding Lepilaena J.L.Drumm. ex Harv.) | Althenia Petit (including Lepilaena Harvey) |
| 4. Lepilaena Drumm. ex. Harv. | Lepilaena | Lepilaena J.L.Drumm. ex Harv. | (in Althenia Petit) |
| (in Pseudalthenia) | Vleisia | Vleisia Toml. & Posl. | (in Pseudalthenia: Potamogetonaceae) |
The plants are all aquatic perennial herbs, often with creeping rhizomes and leafy branches. Their leaf blades can be either floating or submerged, and their stems are often joined. No stomata are present on the leaves. The flowers are tetramerous: the floral formula (sepals; petals; stamens; carpels) is [4;0;4;4]. The flowers have no petals. The fruit consists of one to four drupelets or achenes.[12]
- Althenia
- Groenlandia
- Lepilaena
- Potamogeton
- Pseudalthenia
- Stuckenia
- Zannichellia
- Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083.
- Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3). Magnolia Press: 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
- Haynes, R. R. 1975. A revision of North American Potamogeton subsection Pusilli (Potamogetonaceae). Rhodora 76: 564--64
- Nunes, E.L.P., de Lima, M.C., Coan, A.I., de Chiara Moco, M.C. (2010). Contribution to the embryology of Potamogeton L. (Alismatales, Potamogetonaceae). Aquatic Botany, 93: 32-38.
- Kubitzki (ed.) 1998. The families and genera of vascular plants, vol 4, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
- Watson & Dallwitz. Zosteraceae. The families of flowering plants. http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/zosterac.htm
- Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of genera in family CYMODOCEACEAE (accessed 2016-06-02) http://data.kew.org/cgi-bin/vpfg1992/genlist.pl?CYMODOCEACEAE
- VASCULAR PLANT FAMILIES and GENERA. List of Genera in CYMODOCEACEAE (accessed 2016-06-02) http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/alismatalesweb.htm#Cymodoceaceael
- Watson & Dallwitz. Potamogetonaceae. The families of flowering plants. http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/potamoge.htm
- Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of genera in family POTAMOGETONACEAE (accessed 2016-06-02) http://data.kew.org/cgi-bin/vpfg1992/genlist.pl?POTAMOGETONACEAE
- VASCULAR PLANT FAMILIES and GENERA. List of Genera in POTAMOGETONACEAE (accessed 2016-06-02) http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/alismatalesweb.htm#Potamogetonaceae
- Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 21 March 2010. http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/potamoge.htm
- Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
- Potamogetonaceae at the DELTA Online Families of Flowering Plants
- Potamogetonaceae at the Germplasm Resources Information Network
- Potamogetonaceae at the Online Flora of North America
- Zannichelliaceae at the Online Flora of North America
- Potamogetonaceae at the NCBI Taxonomy Browser
