R-404A

List of refrigerants

List of refrigerants

Add article description


This is a list of refrigerants, sorted by their ASHRAE-designated numbers, commonly known as R numbers. Many modern refrigerants are human-made halogenated gases, especially fluorinated gases and chlorinated gases, that are frequently referred to as Freon (a registered trademark of Chemours).

Numbering scheme

According to ASHRAE standard 34, the R-number of a chemical refrigerant is assigned systematically according to its molecular structure and has between two and four digits. If there are carbon-carbon multiple bonds, there are four digits in all: the number of these bonds is the first digit and the number of carbon atoms minus one (C-1) is next. If there is more than one carbon atom but no multiple bonds, there are three digits, and the number of carbon atoms minus one is the first digit. If there is only one carbon atom, then there are only two digits. The last two digits are always the number of hydrogen atoms plus one (H+1), followed by the number of fluorine atoms. Any other atoms attached to the carbons are assumed to be chlorine atoms. For example, R-22 has one carbon atom, one hydrogen atom (2−1 = 1), two fluorine atoms, and one chlorine atom (4−2−1 = 1), so it is chlorodifluoromethane, while R-134 has two carbon atoms (2−1 = 1), two hydrogen atoms (3−1 = 2), four fluorine atoms, and no chlorine atoms (6−2−4 = 0), so it is one of the tetrafluoroethanes. This basic scheme is modified as follows:

  • Capital letters "B" and "I" are suffixed, together with atom counts, if chlorine atoms have been replaced with bromine or iodine.
  • If there are two carbons, the isomer without suffix is the most symmetrical; after this, lower-case suffixed letters "a", "b", ..., are added, moving forwards through the alphabet as symmetry decreases.
  • If there are more than two carbons, a more complex system of suffixed letters and possibly numbers is used to distinguish isomers, when necessary.
  • The suffixes "(Z)" and "(E)" may be used to differentiate (Z)- and (E)- (cis- and trans-) isomers.
  • For larger molecules, numerical "digits" exceeding 9 may occur; in this case, these numbers are separated by dashes.
  • For a cyclic carbon skeleton, the prefixed capital letter "C" is used.
  • For an oxygen-containing refrigerant (an ether), the prefixed capital letter "E" is used.[1]:§4

There are separate numbering schemes for zeotropic and azeotropic blends, organic chemicals which don't fit into the scheme above, and inorganic chemicals:

  • Zeotropic blends are numbered starting with 400. Suffixed capital letters "A", "B", ... may be used to distinguish different blends with the same constitutents.
  • Azeotropic blends are numbered similarly to zeotropic blends, but starting with 500.
  • Other organic chemicals may be numbered starting with 600. Suffixed lowercase letters "a", "b", ..., may be used to distinguish isomers.
  • Inorganic chemicals are given numbers equalling 700 plus their molecular weight, if the weight is less than 100, or 7000 plus the molecular weight otherwise. Suffixed capital letters "A", "B", ... may be used to distinguish different chemicals with the same molecular weight.[1]:§4

Columns

The table is sortable by each of the following refrigerant properties (scroll right or reduce magnification to view more properties):

Since over 100,000 refrigerant blends are possible,[2] this list should only have notable refrigerants and refrigerant blends.

List

More information Type, ASHRAE number ...

Type and flammability

More information Type, Meaning ...

Compounds used as refrigerants may be described using either the appropriate prefix above or with the prefixes "R-" or "Refrigerant." Thus, CFC-12 may also be written as R-12 or Refrigerant 12.
An alkene, olefin, or olefine is an unsaturated compound containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.[76]

Educated Estimates
  1. Some CFCs are assumed to be similar in terms of Semi-Empirical ODP being one.[4][12]
  2. Some HCFCs are assumed to be similar in terms of Semi-Empirical ODP.[4][15]
  3. Some HCFCs are assumed to be similar in terms of Atmospheric Lifetime[3][4] & net GWP over a 100-year time horizon.[3][4]
  4. All HFCs, HFOs, PFCs & PFOs are assumed to be similar in terms of Semi-Empirical ODP being zero.[14][17]
  5. Most hydrocarbons are assumed to be similar to Methane in terms of Atmospheric Lifetime being 12 ± 3 years[3] & Semi-Empirical ODP being < 0(smog chemistry).[20]
  6. Pentane, Isopentane & Ethoxyethane (Diethyl ether) is assumed to have a net GWP over 100-yr to be 4 ± 2.
  7. Air, nitrogen, oxygen & the noble gases are assumed to have an unlimited Atmospheric Lifetime, a Semi-Empirical ODP of zero (except oxygen being slightly less than zero) & net GWP over 100-yr to be zero (except air being the sum of its parts).

See also


References

  1. "ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2022 : Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants". Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2022. ISSN 1041-2336. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
  2. P. Forster; V. Ramaswamy; P. Artaxo; T. Berntsen; R. Betts; D.W. Fahey; J. Haywood; J. Lean; D.C. Lowe; G. Myhre; J. Nganga; R. Prinn; G. Raga; M. Schulz; R. Van Dorland (2007). "Chapter 2: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing". In Solomon, S.; Miller, H.L.; Tignor, M.; Averyt, K.B.; Marquis, M.; Chen, Z.; Manning, M.; Qin, D. (eds.). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
  3. John S. Daniel; Guus J.M. Velders; A.R. Douglass; P.M.D. Forster; D.A. Hauglustaine; I.S.A. Isaksen; L.J.M. Kuijpers; A. McCulloch; T.J. Wallington (2006). "Chapter 8. Halocarbon Scenarios, Ozone Depletion Potentials, and Global Warming Potentials" (PDF). Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
  4. Myhre, G., D. Shindell, F.‐M. Bréon, W. Collins, J. Fuglestvedt, J. Huang, D. Koch, J.‐F. Lamarque, D. Lee, B. Mendoza, T. Nakajima, A. Robock, G. Stephens, T. Takemura and H. Zhang, 2013: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.‐K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US.
  5. "Addenda to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-1997". ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-1997, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2000-11-15. ISSN 1041-2336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-10. Retrieved 2016-10-10.
  6. Wieser, Michael E.; Coplen, Tyler B. (2010-12-12). "Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 83 (2): 359–396. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14. ISSN 1365-3075. S2CID 95898322.
  7. Schoen, J. Andrew, "Listing of Refrigerants" (PDF), Andy's HVAC/R Web Page, archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-19, retrieved 2011-12-17
  8. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. (2014), "Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing", Climate Change 2013 - the Physical Science Basis, Cambridge University Press, pp. 659–740, doi:10.1017/cbo9781107415324.018, ISBN 9781107415324
  9. "Addenda m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, and v to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2008-06-26. ISSN 1041-2336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  10. "Class I Ozone-depleting Substances". Science - Ozone Layer Protection. US EPA. 2007. Archived from the original on 2010-12-10. Retrieved 2010-12-16.
  11. "ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum t to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2019: Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2019: Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. July 25, 2019. ISSN 1041-2336. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  12. "Global Warming Potentials of ODS Substitutes". Science - Ozone Layer Protection. US EPA. 2007. Archived from the original on 2010-10-16. Retrieved 2010-12-16.
  13. "Class II Ozone-depleting Substances". Science - Ozone Layer Protection. US EPA. 2007. Archived from the original on 2010-12-09. Retrieved 2010-12-16.
  14. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. UNEP, 2000. ISBN 92-807-1888-6
  15. "Addenda e, f, g, and h to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2010" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2010, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2011-02-03. ISSN 1041-2336. Retrieved 2011-12-18.[permanent dead link]
  16. "Addenda d, j, l, m, and t to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2004" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2004, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2007-03-03. ISSN 1041-2336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  17. Ravishankara, A. R.; Daniel, John S.; Portmann, Robert W. (2009-08-27), "Supporting Online Material for - Nitrous Oxide (N2O): The Dominant Ozone-Depleting Substance Emitted in the 21st Century" (PDF), Science, 326 (5949), Washington, DC: 123–125, Bibcode:2009Sci...326..123R, doi:10.1126/science.1176985, PMID 19713491, S2CID 2100618, Methane's influence on ozone is very dependent on altitude. In the troposphere and lower stratosphere it induces ozone production via "smog chemistry"(10), while at higher altitudes it causes ozone losses [...] The net effect is generally a gain in column ozone due to methane increases, both in the stratospheric column and total column(11). Thus, unlike for N2O, a calculated ODP for methane would likely be negative.
  18. Hodnebrog, ∅.; Dalsøren, S.; Myhre, G. (2018), "Lifetimes, direct and indirect radiative forcing, and global warming potentials of ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4H10)", Atmos. Sci. Lett., 2018, 19:e804 (2): e804, Bibcode:2018AtScL..19E.804H, doi:10.1002/asl.804
  19. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. p. 3.22. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6.
  20. Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.; McGillen, Max R.; Smith, Shona C.; Jubb, Aaron M.; Portmann, Robert W.; Hall, Bradley D.; Fleming, Eric L.; Jackman, Charles H.; Burkholder, James B. (2013). "1,2-Dichlorohexafluoro-cyclobutane (1,2-c-C4F6Cl2, R-316c) a Potent Ozone Depleting Substance and Greenhouse Gas: Atmospheric Loss Processes, Lifetimes, and Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Potentials for the (E) and (Z) Stereoisomers". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 117 (43): 11049–11065. Bibcode:2013JPCA..11711049P. doi:10.1021/jp407823k. hdl:2060/20140012685. PMID 24079521. S2CID 25162740.
  21. Hydrocarbons are assumed to be similar to Methane in terms of Semi-Empirical ODP being < 0(smog chemistry)
  22. Composition of Refrigerant Blends, US EPA, 18 November 2014, retrieved 2022-07-19
  23. "Addenda af and ag to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2009-06-25. ISSN 1041-2336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  24. "Addenda i, j, k, l, n, and o to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2010" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2010, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2011-06-30. ISSN 1041-2336. Retrieved 2011-12-18.[permanent dead link]
  25. "Addenda a, b, and d to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2010" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2010, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2010-07-01. ISSN 1041-2336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  26. "Addenda a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2007-06-28. ISSN 1041-2336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  27. "Addenda x, y, aa, ab, ac, ad, and ae to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2009-01-29. ISSN 1041-2336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  28. "Addenda i, j, and k to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2008-01-24. ISSN 1041-2336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  29. "Solstice® N40 (R-448A) | European Refrigerants". www.honeywell-refrigerants.com. Retrieved 2020-12-13.
  30. "Forane® 449A (XP40) Refrigerant - Product Information". Arkema. Archived from the original on 2020-10-16. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  31. "Solstice® L41y (R-452B) Refrigerant - Brochure" (PDF). Honeywell. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  32. "Features and uses of RS-70" (PDF). Gas Servei. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  33. "Opteon™ XL41 Refrigerant - Product Information" (PDF). Chemours. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  34. "Carrier Introduces Puron Advance™". Carrier. 19 December 2018. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  35. "Solstice® L40X (R-455A) | European Refrigerants" (PDF). www.honeywell-refrigerants.com. Retrieved 2018-09-24.
  36. "Solstice® N41 (R-466A)". advancedmaterials.honeywell.com. Retrieved 2024-03-17.
  37. "Opteon™ XP10 (R-513A) refrigerant". www.chemours.com. Retrieved 2018-12-12.
  38. PRODUCT SAFETY DATA SHEET - PRODUCT: RS-45 (R434A) (PDF), Refrigerant Solutions Limited, 2001-10-01, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-03, retrieved 2011-12-16
  39. TRANSITIONING TO LOW-GWP - ALTERNATIVES IN DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION (PDF), US EPA, October 2010, retrieved 2011-12-17
  40. "II. ADVANTAGES OF AMMONIA AS A REFRIGERANT". Ammonia: The Natural Refrigerant of Choice (An IIAR Green Paper). International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
  41. "Ammonia - NH3 - Properties". Engineering Toolbox. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  42. "Refrigerants - Environment Properties". Engineering ToolBox. Archived from the original on 2013-03-14. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
  43. Archer, David (2005). "Fate of fossil fuel CO
    2
    in geologic time"
    (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 110 (C9): C09S05.1–6. Bibcode:2005JGRC..110.9S05A. doi:10.1029/2004JC002625. Retrieved 27 July 2007.
  44. Span R, Wagner W (1996-11-01). "A New Equation of State for Carbon Dioxide Covering the Fluid Region from the Triple-Point Temperature to 1100 K at Pressures up to 800 MPa". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 25 (6): 1519. Bibcode:1996JPCRD..25.1509S. doi:10.1063/1.555991.
  45. "ICSC 0687 - VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE". www.ilo.org. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  46. "New HCFO refrigerant is ASHRAE listed". Cooling Post. 2017-10-23. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
  47. "Solstice® LBA Technical Brochure | Blowing Agents". www.honeywell-blowingagents.com. Retrieved 2016-07-05.
  48. "Addendum w to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2008-11-18. ISSN 1041-2336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  49. "Numbering Scheme for Ozone-Depleting Substances and their Substitutes". Science - Ozone Layer Protection. US EPA. 2007. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  50. "ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum ak to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2010-02-24. ISSN 1041-2336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  51. "ANSI/ASHRAE Addenda z, ah, ai, and aj to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007" (PDF). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2010-01-28. ISSN 1041-2336. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  52. Wade, Leroy G. Jr. (2006). Organic Chemistry (Sixth ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 279. ISBN 978-0-13-147871-8. OCLC 56876670.


Notes

  1. Blend Calculation using the following information: (a) Hydrocarbons are assumed to be similar to Methane in terms of Atmospheric Lifetime being 12 ± 3 years, (b) Pentane & Isopentane is assumed to have a net GWP over 100-yr to be 4 ± 2
  2. Blend Calculation using the following information:[4][12][15][14][17][25]
  3. Triple point; substance sublimes at atmospheric pressure.

Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article R-404A, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.