Ramón_Méndez
Ramón Méndez
19th-Century Imperial Mexican general
Ramón Méndez (1829 – 19 June 1867) was a Mexican Imperial general who was best known for ordering the executions of Carlos Salazar Ruiz and José María Arteaga on October 21, 1865, as part of Maximilian's new Black Decree that was signed that year.
Ramón Méndez | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1829 Ario Municipality, Michoacán, Mexico |
| Died | 19 June 1867(1867-06-19) (aged 37–38) Querétaro City, Querétaro, Mexico |
| Allegiance |  Second Federal Republic of Mexico Mexican Empire |
| Branch |  Mexican Army Imperial Mexican Army |
| Years of service | 1840 – 1867 |
| Rank | General |
| Battles/wars | Ayutla Revolution Reform War Second French intervention in Mexico |
Méndez was a conservative and like many Conservative military personnel, he sided with the new Second Mexican Empire. He was promoted to General and would go on to participate in several battles in the war.
On October 13, he won a key victory over the Republicans at Santa Ana Amatlán in Michoacán, capturing both Carlos Salazar Ruiz and José María Arteaga. Eleven days earlier Maximilian I of Mexico had ratified the "Black Decree" which would execute anyone committing guerrilla warfare against the Mexican Empire.[1] Since Méndez deemed Ruiz and Arteaga to be leaders of the republican guerrilla forces, he ordered their executions by firing squad, along with other officers tried for the same reason.[2]
After the executions, Méndez would go on to participate in the Siege of Querétaro as he brought around 4,000 infantry as reinforcements.[3] Méndez himself was captured during the siege and was executed on June 19, 1867, as retaliation for his executions of Republican prisoners.[4][5]
- Bancroft, Hubert Howe. History of Mexico VI:1861-1887. New York: The Bancroft Company. p. 183.
- David R. Stevens (2008). Sin Perdón: Acquiescence With Murder. Vol. 1. AuthorHouse. p. 348. ISBN 9781434380944. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- Percy Falcke Martin (1914). Maximilian in Mexico: The Story of the French Intervention (1861-1867). C. Scribner's sons. p. 306. ISBN 9780722294772. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- Bertita Harding (April 2008). Phantom Crown: The Story of Maximilian & Carlota of Mexico. Wildside Press. p. 348. ISBN 9781434468932. Retrieved March 2, 2022.