The settlement of Roquemaure dates back to 1933 when Father François-Xavier Jean and Mr. Auguste Scott, both professors at the School of Agriculture of Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière, went to Abitibi to choose land where the Colonization Society of the diocese of Quebec, in the process of being formed, would lead the establishment of colonists. The choice of Roquemaure, rather than another township, is based on the advantageous afforestation present and on its proximity to Lake Abitibi and the Duparquet River supposedly favorable to a more lenient climate. The Colonization Society of the diocese of Quebec would be founded one month later. Mgr Auguste Boulet, superior of the College of Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière, chairs the organization. The Colonization Society undertakes to provide the colonists with food and essentials for the first winter, and no more. It has a meager budget, $250 granted by Cardinal Villeneuve and $400 from the Ministry of Colonization. The first settlers would arrive two months later, including Pierre Pelletier, Léon Briand, Ludger Dionne, Gustave Massé, Albert Raymond, Alphonse Charest and Ernest Lévesque. A second group would arrive two weeks later coming from Saint-Cyrille-de-Lessard, Ashford, Port-Joli, Sainte-Perpétue and Woodbridge. Among them were: Amédée Bélanger, Étienne Caron, Jos. Chrétien, Georges Chrétien, Gérard Fournier, Maurice Gamache, Wellie Plourde, Octave Plourde (fils de Wellie), François Pellerin, Auguste Bélanger, Albert Giasson, Ernest Dionne, Alfred Dubé, Marc Fortin, Cyrille Lamarre and Noël Lord. A third wave of settlers would arrive one mnth later, including: Elzéard Chouinard, Jos. Pit Fortin, Laurent Lebel, Georges Mainville, Rosaire Mainville, Léo St-Amant and Oscar Soucy. The first mass would be celebrated on the last thursday of the year by Father Ephrem Halde, parish priest of Palmarolle, in the camp of Amédée Bélanger. The settlers sing hymns, accompanied by the violin of Gérard Fournier.
March 1934 marks the arrival of arrival of Mrs. Maria Lord, spouse of Gérard Fournier, first woman to enter the colony, as well as her six children. She later said: “It’s a remarkable date. I left Port-Joli on the feast of Saint-Joseph, March 19, and three days later I arrived here". One year later, the first two teachers arrives in the colony, Misses Anna-Marie and Germaine Martel, daughters of Charles Martel of Saint-Marc-des-Carrières. In 1937, the film En pays neufs, is released by Father Maurice Proulx. This is a directed documentary which focuses on the so-called success of the colonization of Abitibi and mainly in Roquemaure.
In the 1940's the population numbers 1,150 people including 170 families. The colony includes 8 schools (9 classes) which are attended by 223 children. Since its foundation, Roquemaure has seen 334 baptisms, 67 marriages and 45 burials. This development permits the official creation of the Municipality of Roquemaure in 1952. Some of the important milestone from the municipality includes the day the church of burns down in 1970 and the construction of church Sainte-Anne.[4] Also, in 1983 an episode of Soirée canadienne was shot in Roquemaure.
