Rowangchhari (Bengali: রোয়াংছড়ি) is an upazila (sub-district) of Bandarban District in southeastern Bangladesh, part of the Chittagong Division.^[1]

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Rowangchhari রোয়াংছড়ি
Upazila
Debotakhum
Coordinates: 22°10′N 92°20′E
Country	Bangladesh
Division	Chittagong
District	Bandarban
Government
• Upazila Chairman	Chohaimong Marma
• MP (Bandarban)	Ushwe Sing
Area
• Total	442.88 km2 (171.00 sq mi)
Population  (2011)
• Total	27,264
• Density	62/km2 (160/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+6 (BST)
Website	rowangchhari.bandarban.gov.bd

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In the 16th century, the Marma people emigrated here from the Kingdom of Mrauk U in Arakan. Where the Rakhaing stream (known as a chhara in Bengali) meets the Tarachha canal, the Marmas established a settlement known as Rakhaing Wah, meaning the "Rakhaing river mouth". Bengalis from the nearby Chittagong District later arrived in the area for trade and commercial purposes. Over time, Rakhaing Wah grew into a haat bazaar and became known to Bengalis as Rowangchhari (Rowang is the Chittagonian word for Arakan and chhari refers to a small stream).^[2]

During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, a brawl took place in Nowapatang Union leading to the death of T. N. Ali, a Bengali freedom fighter. Shamsul Islam ibn Amir Hamzah of Main Road and Dr S. A. Mahiuddin ibn Muhammad Abdur Rashid of Rowangchhari Bazar also fought in the war. There are also seven other individuals from Rowangchhari not mentioned in the official gazette that are said to have taken part. These are: Tarachha's Muhammad Ibrahim ibn Jalal Ahmad, Foraq Ahmad ibn Kala Mia, Qazi Muhammad Thanaullah ibn Qazi Ahmad Safa, Liaqat Ali ibn Faiz Ahmad and Muhammad Abdul Wadud ibn Siraj Ahmad, Rowangchhari Bazar's Abul Hasan Mir ibn Habibullah Mir, Abdul Aziz Chowdhury ibn Ashab Mia Chowdhury and Ejahan Mia ibn Dudu Mia.^[3]

In 1976, Rowangchhari was established as a thana. Its status was upgraded to upazila (sub-district) in 1983 as part of the President of Bangladesh Hussain Muhammad Ershad's decentralisation programme.^[2]

A minority of Tripuris in Rowangchhari have adopted Islam as their religion and have been subject to violence by some Tripuri Christians. On 18 June 2021,^[4] a Tripuri imam and farmer called Omar Faruq Tripura (formerly known as Bennichand Tripura) of Tulajhiri Aga Tripurapara was shot whilst heading home from Isha prayers at a makeshift mosque.^[5][6] Five out of the 38 families in this Tripurapara are Muslims and the rest are Christians.^[7]

Rowangchhari is located at 22.1667°N 92.3333°E / 22.1667; 92.3333. It has a total area of 442.88 km².

As of the 2011 Bangladeshi census, Rowangchhari upazila had 6,292 households and a population of 27,264. 6,849 (25.12%) were under 10 years of age. Rowangchhari had an average literacy rate of 30.99%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 914 females per 1000 males. 5,052 (18.53%) of the population lived in urban areas.^[8] The ethnic population was 24,745 (90.77%), of which Marma were 14,300, Tripura 2,019, and Mru 1,292.^[9]

Rowangchhari is an ethnically diverse sub-district of Bangladesh. It is home to the Marma people who speak Arakanese, the Bawm who speak Bawm, the Tanchangya who speak Tanchangya, the Mru who speak Mru, the Khumi who speak Khumi Chin, the Khyang who speak Shö and the Bengalis who speak the Chittagonian dialect of Bengali.^[10]

Rowangchhari Upazila is divided into four union parishads: Alikhong, Nowapatang, Rowangchhari, and Tarachha. The union parishads are subdivided into 13 mauzas and 178 villages.^[8]

There are 43 churches, 41 Buddhist temples, 5 Hindu temples and 12 mosques in Rowangchhari. There are two madrasas in Rowangchhari; the North Chhaingya Nurani Madrasa and the West Chhaingya Nurani Madrasa. The mosques are:^[11]

1. Rowangchhari Jame Mosque, Rowangchhari Bazar
2. Rowangchhari Wagaipar Jame Mosque
3. North Chhaingya Jame Mosque
4. South Chhaingya Jame Mosque
5. Middle Chhaingya Jame Mosque
6. East Chhaingya Jame Mosque
7. Gherau Bazar Jame Mosque
8. Betchhara Bazar Jame Mosque
9. Tarachha Mukh Jame Mosque
10. Muramnango Police Camp Jame Mosque
11. Banchhaya Jame Mosque, Alekkhang Union
12. Kachhaptali Para Army Camp Jame Mosque, Alekkhang Union

• Upazilas of Bangladesh
• Districts of Bangladesh
• Divisions of Bangladesh