Union of Mixed Martial Arts "MMA" of Russia (abbreviated as "Russian MMA Union") is an all-Russian public organization, a sports federation engaged in the popularization and development of mixed martial arts as a kind of sport. It is the main regulator for MMA in the Russian Federation.^[1][2] Founded in 2012. In the first year of its existence, the Russian MMA Union held the national mixed martial arts championship in Chekhov, Moscow Oblast,^[3] became a permanent member of the World Mixed Martial Arts Association (WMMAA) and held the European mixed martial arts Championship in St. Petersburg under WMMAA auspices.^[2][4][5] As of 2021, the Russian MMA Union included 80 accredited regional federations in its structure, ensures the holding of the national championships and cups, forms Russian national teams to participate in the World and European championships,^[6][7] represents Russia in the International Mixed Martial Arts Federation (IMMAF),^[2][8] provides refereeing and organizational support for professional MMA tournaments spent in Russia (both by the Russian and international promoters, including UFC).^[9]

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the IMMAF suspended the membership of the Russian MMA Union.^[10] It barred the Russian federation from participating in all IMMAF Championships, and banned the organisation of IMMAF events in Russia.^[11]

All-Russian public organization “Russian MMA Union” was founded on May 16, 2012. The main goals of the Union are to consolidate all the forces associated with the development of the mixed martial arts (MMA) in Russia, to popularize and develop it, to form a united nationwide federation with an extensive network of branches in the regions, to set order to the rules of competitions and the methods of training athletes and referees. Also, the goals of the Union are streamlining the structure of the tournaments, preparing the national teams of the Russian Federation for participation at the World, European, and other international championships.^{[12][13][14][15]} Fedor Emelianenko was elected as the president. Radmir Gabdullin was elected as the chairman of the All-Russian Collegium of the Referees.^[16][17] A few months later, on September 27, mixed martial arts was officially recognized in Russia as a kind of sport and entered into the All-Russian Register of Sports.^[18]

The first Russian championship in mixed martial arts was held on September 28–30, 2012 in Chekhov, Moscow Oblast. About 180 athletes took part in the competition. They represented clubs from various regions of the country and all of them had titles in sports not lower than a Candidate for Master of Sport (a title for the athletes in Russia) in a fighting or wrestling kind of sport. Only fighters with no more than three professional fights were allowed to participate.^[12][16]

During the first year of work of the Russian MMA Union, representatives of more than 50 regions of the Russian Federation entered the Union.^[14] Matches were judged by the referees who previously worked at the professional tournaments M-1 Challenge and M-1 Selection. In addition to the federal ones, regional qualifying tournaments in mixed martial arts began to be held, and they began to be broadcast live on television and Internet channels.^[16]

On September 30, the Russian MMA Union became a permanent member of the World Mixed Martial Arts Association (WMMAA).^[2][4] In November 2012, the Russian MMA Union held the first European MMA championship under the auspices of the WMMAA. The championship was held in St. Petersburg, with the participation of the representatives from 15 countries.^[5][19][20] A year later, in October 2013, the Russian MMA Union also held the MMA World Championship in the same city, with the participation of the representatives from more than forty countries. The championship was held as a part of the World Martial Arts Games.^{[21][22][4][23]}

In 2014, the Russian MMA Union was accredited as the All-Russian Sports Federation for Mixed Martial Arts.^[24][4]

In 2016, the Russian MMA Union held the European mixed martial arts championship in St. Petersburg according to the WMMAA for the second time.^[25] On December 18, 2016, Fedor Emelianenko was re-elected as the President of the All-Russian public organization "Russian Mixed Martial Arts Union" for the second term at the reporting and election conference of the organization.^[26] October 20, 2018, at the presidium, Radmir Gabdullin was elected as the new President of the Russian MMA Union. He replaced Fedor Emelianenko, who became the Honorary President and Chairman of the Supervisory Board.^[27][28]

The merger of IMMAF and WMMAA was an important event in 2018. This became the next step for MMA to be recognized as an Olympic sports.^[29][30] In November 2018, Bahrain hosted the first World championship after the merger of the two international governing bodies of the MMA. Various tournaments for adults and juniors were held at the same time. A record number of countries took part in them is 52. More than 370 athletes competed for 26 sets of medals. The Russian national team achieved high results at that tournament. The Russian team won an overall final victory in the medal standings and set new records for the World championships: in the number of finalists among adults – 7, in the number of gold medals among juniors – 5. As a result of the tournament, the Russian team rose in the world ranking of the national teams to the first place in the junior standings and to the third place in the adult standings.^[31][32][33]

The national team formed following the results of the 2019 Russian championship^[34] won the highest number of medals at the European championship held in Italy in June, 2019. Medals were also won in the women's competition.^[35][36][37] After this tournament, the Russian men's team moved to second place in the world ranking.^[38] In November 2019, the team won an overall victory at the MMA World championship, held in Bahrain again. More than 500 athletes from 76 countries took part in it. The Russian national team won both in the junior and adult standings with an almost two-fold superiority in the number of medals.^[39][40][41]

In the 2020 season, most MMA tournaments (the Russian championship and the European and World championships) were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Russian MMA Union announced a busy calendar for 2021. In addition to the federal tournament, regional championships must be held in each constituent entity of Russia.^[42] In addition, in August 2021, Russia should host the European MMA championship for the first time since the merger of the two main international MMA federations,^[43][44] The championship should be held in Kazan.^[45][46]

The supreme governing body of the Union is a conference, that is held at least once a year. In addition, a reporting and election conference is held at least once every four years. Conferences participants are the members of the Presidium, as well as the representatives of the Union's regional branches. The number of the regional representatives must be at least 75% of the total number of the votes of the members participating in making decisions of the conference. During conferences, all the main regulatory documents are approved by a simple majority of votes. Elections for an each important leadership position of this sports federation are held in the same way. The Presidium of the Union is a permanent collegial governing body. It executes all the rights of a legal entity on behalf of the Union.^[47]

The Russian Federation national team is formed by the Russian MMA Union. There are permanent members who form two line-ups. Until 2018, the first line-up was formed for the World Championships, the second line-up was formed for the European Championships. They were also joined by athletes who successfully performed at the national championship. Gold medalists took part in the world championships, silver medalists participated in the European championships.^[73][34] In 2019, the Russian national team became one of the ten leading MMA teams in the world, who took permission from the International Mixed Martial Arts Federation (IMMAF) to bring two line-ups to the World Championships at once. As a result, the Russian national team includes the owners of both gold and silver medals of the national championship to participate in the World Championship.^[36][51]

After the merger of the two leading MMA federations, competition in the world's best tournaments in this sport has intensified. Nevertheless, the multi-stage selection system for the national team, introduced by the Russian MMA Union, gave positive results. Russian Federation national team became the winner of all three tournaments of the World and European Championship rank that took place after the merge. In the world ranking, complied with taking the athletes’ individual scores into account, the men's team of the Russian MMA Union has been in the second place among adult athletes (out of 62 teams) and in the first place among juniors (out of 37 teams) since 2019.^[38][74][75] The line-up of the Russian youth national MMA team is formed based on the results of the national MMA championship among juniors in the 18-20 age group.^[76] The head coach of the Russian national teams is Gennady Kapshay.^[77]