Samuel Troilius (22 May 1706 – 18 January 1764) was Archbishop of Uppsala from 1758 to his death.^[1][2]

He was born in Stora Skedvi parish in the province of Dalarna. His parents were Olof Troilius and Helena Gangia. His father was a vicar in the Church of Sweden.

In 1724, he had become student in Uppsala University, and was by 1734 appointed assistant professor of Greek and Roman literature, after having disputed in 1732 with the thesis De magnetismo morum naturali. He was ordained in 1736 and an 1740 he became a priest.

Troilius moved to Stockholm in 1740 as court chaplain, and the following year became the confessor of the Swedish Royal Family. In 1751, he was unanimously elected new Bishop of Västerås following the death of Andreas Kallsenius. In 1760, after the death of Henric Benzelius, he was elected Archbishop of Uppsala. In 1760, Troilius also was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

His marriages were with Anna Elisabeth Angerstein in 1740 and with Brita Elisabet Silfverstolpe in 1751. In 1756, he and his descendants were ennobled under the surname von Troil. His son Uno von Troil (1746–1803) also served as Archbishop of Uppsala. ^[3]

• List of Archbishops of Uppsala