Sanski_Most
Sanski Most
Town and municipality in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sanski Most (Serbian Cyrillic: Сански Мост, pronounced [sâːnskiː mɔ̂ːst]) is a town and municipality located in the Una-Sana Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated on the banks of the Sana River in northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the region of Bosanska Krajina, between Prijedor and Ključ. As of 2013, it has a population of 41,475 inhabitants.
Sanski Most
Сански Мост | |
|---|---|
Town and municipality | |
| Coordinates: 44°46′N 16°40′E | |
| Country |  Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton |  Una-Sana |
| Geographical region | Bosanska Krajina |
| Subdivisions | 75 |
| Government | |
| • Municipal mayor | Faris Hasanbegović (SDA) |
| Area | |
| • Town and municipality | 781 km2 (302 sq mi) |
| Population (2013 Census) | |
| • Town and municipality | 41,475 |
| • Density | 53.10/km2 (137.5/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 16,913 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Area code | +387 37 |
| Website | www |
It is located on the Sana River in Bosanska Krajina, between Prijedor and Ključ. Administratively it is part of the Una-Sana Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Town sits on Nine Rivers, the Nine Rivers are : Sana, Dabar, Zdena, Bliha, Majdanska Rijeka, Japra, Sasinka and Kozica
Climate
| Climate data for Sanski Most (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.2 (68.4) |
24.7 (76.5) |
29.2 (84.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
34.5 (94.1) |
36.6 (97.9) |
39.7 (103.5) |
40.0 (104.0) |
37.5 (99.5) |
30.2 (86.4) |
26.4 (79.5) |
22.7 (72.9) |
40.0 (104.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) |
8.5 (47.3) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.5 (65.3) |
22.8 (73.0) |
26.6 (79.9) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.9 (84.0) |
23.2 (73.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
6.0 (42.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.8 (33.4) |
2.4 (36.3) |
6.7 (44.1) |
11.3 (52.3) |
15.7 (60.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
21.3 (70.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
15.8 (60.4) |
11.3 (52.3) |
6.6 (43.9) |
1.7 (35.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.1 (26.4) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
0.9 (33.6) |
4.9 (40.8) |
9.2 (48.6) |
13.0 (55.4) |
14.4 (57.9) |
14.3 (57.7) |
10.4 (50.7) |
6.5 (43.7) |
2.5 (36.5) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
5.7 (42.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.4 (−15.5) |
−25.2 (−13.4) |
−20.4 (−4.7) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
0.5 (32.9) |
4.5 (40.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
−21.4 (−6.5) |
−26.4 (−15.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 71.7 (2.82) |
73.2 (2.88) |
75.1 (2.96) |
90.8 (3.57) |
101.7 (4.00) |
101.5 (4.00) |
75.3 (2.96) |
68.2 (2.69) |
117.7 (4.63) |
99.2 (3.91) |
94.3 (3.71) |
93.5 (3.68) |
1,062.1 (41.81) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.8 | 9.1 | 9.0 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 9.5 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 9.3 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 10.3 | 109.9 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 74.3 | 99.7 | 148.8 | 179.7 | 224.5 | 250.7 | 290.8 | 267.7 | 173.7 | 130.8 | 78.8 | 62.5 | 1,981.9 |
| Source: NOAA[1] | |||||||||||||
In 1878 the little town (varošica) of Sanski Most was described as Muslim by Croatian historian Vjekoslav Klaić.[2] From 1929 to 1941, Sanski Most was part of the Vrbas Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
During World War II it was part of the Axis Independent State of Croatia (NDH), where the fascist Ustaše regime committed the Genocide of the Serbs and the Holocaust. At the beginning of May 1941 in several villages south-east of Sanski Most (Kijevo, Tramošnja, Kozica, etc.) the first armed conflict between the Ustaše and insurgent Serbs occurred. The event is known as the Đurđevdan uprising. In August 1941 on the Eastern Orthodox Elijah's holy day, who is the patron saint of Bosnia and Herzegovina, between 2,800 and 5,500 Serbs from Sanski Most and the surrounding area were killed and thrown into pits which have been dug by victims themselves.[3] The State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ZAVNOBiH) held its second meeting from 30 June to 2 July 1944 in the town; it declared the equality of Muslims (Bosniaks), Serbs and Croats.
During the Bosnian War, the town was controlled by the Army of Republika Srpska (Bosnian Serbs) and remained under its control until October 1995 when the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina took over it during Operation Sana shortly before the end of the war. The Bosniaks and other Non Serbs were set to large ethnic cleansing during its control by the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS). Many Serbs from Sanski Most and Bosniaks from Prijedor exchanged homes due to their refugee status and the opposing federations.[4]
Vrhpolje bridge massacre
On 31 May 1992, the Army of Republika Srpska committed a massacre of 19 Bosniak civilians on the Vrhpojle bridge in Sanski Most municipality. 16 Bosniak civilians were beaten on the bridge whilst the Bosnian Serb soldiers cursed and insulted them. 4 had already been murdered by the VRS on the way to the bridge. The Bosnian Serbs had ordered the Bosniak civilians to remove most of their clothes, including their shoes, and then jump off the bridge. The Bosnian Serb soldiers played a game in which they tried to shoot the Bosniak civilians mid-air whilst they were falling into the water. There was only one survivor of the massacre, Rajif Begić, who later testified against Ratko Mladić. According to the ICTY trial, Ratko Mladić was responsible for the murder of the Bosniak civilians which the court found was a deliberate attempt to ethnically cleanse the Serb-controlled parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina of their Bosniak population in order to create a homogenously Serb ethno-state. According to Begić's testimony, the VRS had to kill 70 Muslims that day because "seven Serb soldiers had been killed in that area." Branko Basara, the retired commander of the 6th Krajina Brigade was also indicted by the ICTY for war crimes that he committed in the Prijedor and Sanski Most area during 1992. Jadranko Palija, a Bosnian Serb soldier responsible for the massacre, was convicted of war crimes by the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2007.[5][6]
In 1996, Serb-inhabited Oštra Luka was split from Sanski Most and ceded to the Republika Srpska entity.
Population
| Population of settlements – Sanski Most municipality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Settlement | 1961. | 1971. | 1981. | 1991. | 2013. | |
| Total | 39,483 | 62,102 | 62,467 | 60,307 | 50,421 | |
| 1 | Brdari | 539 | 443 | |||
| 2 | Čaplje | 1,420 | 1,264 | |||
| 3 | Demiševci | 498 | 440 | |||
| 4 | Donji Kamengrad | 2,344 | 2,336 | |||
| 5 | Dževar | 685 | 681 | |||
| 6 | Fajtovci | 369 | 362 | |||
| 7 | Gorice | 644 | 615 | |||
| 8 | Gornji Kamengrad | 1,387 | 1,311 | |||
| 9 | Hrustovo | 1,694 | 1,697 | |||
| 10 | Husimovci | 1,802 | 1,310 | |||
| 11 | Kijevo | 1,118 | 682 | |||
| 12 | Krkojevci | 304 | 361 | |||
| 13 | Lukavice | 606 | 486 | |||
| 14 | Lušci Palanka | 1,079 | 226 | |||
| 15 | Modra | 578 | 595 | |||
| 16 | Naprelje | 822 | 605 | |||
| 17 | Okreč | 1,104 | 1,021 | |||
| 18 | Podbriježje | 570 | 529 | |||
| 19 | Podlug | 650 | 550 | |||
| 20 | Podvidača | 679 | 275 | |||
| 21 | Poljak | 522 | 483 | |||
| 22 | Sanski Most | 8,682 | 14,027 | 17,144 | 19,745 | |
| 23 | Sasina | 1,054 | 294 | |||
| 24 | Šehovci | 960 | 880 | |||
| 25 | Skucani Vakuf | 1,321 | 1,434 | |||
| 26 | Stari Majdan | 1,212 | 762 | |||
| 27 | Tomina | 1,513 | 1,107 | |||
| 28 | Trnova | 978 | 783 | |||
| 29 | Vrhpolje | 1,840 | 2,035 | |||
Ethnic composition
| Ethnic composition – Sanski Most town | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013. | 1991. | 1981. | 1971. | |||||
| Total | 19,745 (100,0%) | 17,144 (100,0%) | 14,027 (100,0%) | 8,682 (100,0%) | ||||
| Serbs | 401 (2,37%) | 7,831 (45,68%) | 5,691 (40,57%) | 3,410 (39,27%) | ||||
| Bosniaks | 15,930 (94,19%) | 7,245 (42,26%) | 6,067 (43,25%) | 4,545 (52,34%) | ||||
| Jugoslaveni | 901 (5,255%) | 1,504 (10,72%) | 96 (1,10%) | |||||
| Croats | 177 (1,05%) | 646 (3,768%) | 523 (3,729%) | 558 (6,42%) | ||||
| Others | 405 (2,39%) | 521 (3,039%) | 242 (1,725%) | 73 (0,84%) | ||||
| Ethnic composition – Sanski Most municipality | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013. | 1991. | 1981. | 1971. | 1961. | ||||
| Total | 50,421 (100,0%) | 60,307 (100,0%) | 62,467 (100,0%) | 62,102 (100,0%) | 39,483 (100,0%) | |||
| Bosniaks | 38,344 (92,45%) | 28,136 (46,65%) | 27,083 (43,36%) | 24,839 (40,00%) | 12,350 (31.28%) | |||
| Serbs | 1,837 (4,429%) | 25,363 (42,06%) | 26,619 (42,61%) | 30,422 (48,99%) | 19,156 (48.52%) | |||
| Croats | 722 (1,741%) | 4,322 (7,167%) | 5,314 (8,507%) | 6,307 (10,16%) | 4,844 (12.27%) | |||
| Others | 572 (1,379%) | 1,239 (2,054%) | 336 (0,538%) | 213 (0,343%) | ||||
| Yugoslavs | 1,247 (2,068%) | 2,936 (4,700%) | 195 (0,314%) | 3,014 (7.63%) | ||||
| Roma | 75 (0,120%) | 12 (0,019%) | ||||||
| Montenegrins | 50 (0,080%) | 59 (0,095%) | ||||||
| Albanians | 26 (0,042%) | 22 (0,035%) | ||||||
| Slovenes | 16 (0,026%) | 23 (0,037%) | ||||||
| Macedonians | 10 (0,016%) | 8 (0,013%) | ||||||
| Hungarians | 2 (0,003%) | 2 (0,003%) | ||||||
| Employment | Male | Female | Total | Total Population | Unemployment % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 3,384 | 1,363 | 4,747 | 50,421 | 53.91%[7] |
There are several non-governmental organisations in Sanski Most. Center for Peacebuilding, in the local language "Centar za Izgradnju Mira (CIM)" has been active in the city since 2004. The "Fenix Center", Centar Fenix provides humanitarian aid to the persons in need in the local community. The organisation "Krajiška Suza" is providing care in medical, social, psychological, cultural and existential needs of people living in and around Sanski Most. Austrian manufacturer of exhaust pipes Remus has a manufacturing facility in Sanski Most that employs around 300 people.[8][9] Sanski Most was selected as one of the most successful local communities within the UNDP project that was financed by Swiss embassy.[10]
The football club of the town is NK Podgrmeč.
- Mehmed Alagić, general
- Milan Vukić, chess grandmaster
- Anna Ibrisagic, Swedish politician
- Enver Redžić, historian
- Kemal Malovčić, singer
- Milenko Zorić, Serbian sprint canoer, silver medalist at the 2016 Summer Olympics, World and European champion
- Vukašin Brajić, singer
- Milka Milinković, Paralympic track and field athlete, Croatia's most successful Paralympian
- Sana river
- Hamzibey's mosque
- Orthodox church
Citations
- "Sanski Most Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
- Klaić, Vjekoslav (1878). Bosna: podatci o zemljopisu i poviesti Bosne i Hercegovine. Naklad. "Matice Hrvatske". p. 192.
- Mojzes, Paul (2011). Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the 20th Century. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 75–76. ISBN 9781442206632.
- Gilbert 2020, p. 110.
- Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Mladic Witness Denies Army Role in Sanski Most Killings". Refworld. Retrieved 2023-09-29.
- "Witness Recalls Sanski Most Bridge Killings". iwpr.net. Retrieved 2023-09-29.
- "Sanski Most | myplace". www.mojemjesto.ba. Archived from the original on 2012-07-20.
- "Remus to build a new production facility in Sanski Most". www.see-industry.com. Retrieved 2020-07-18.
- "Remus Innovation will hire 300 workers in Sanski Most". Sarajevo Times. 2012-12-27. Retrieved 2020-07-18.
- Fena. "Sanski Most privlači sve više investicija i ostvaruje veliki ekonomski napredak". Radio Sarajevo. Retrieved 2020-07-18.
Bibliography
Gilbert, Andrew (2020). International Intervention and the Problem of Legitimacy Encounters in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina. Cornell University Press.
