South_Chahar_Autonomous_Government
South Chahar Autonomous Government
Former autonomous area in Mongolia
The South Chahar Autonomous Government was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, as well as an administratively autonomous component of Mengjiang from its creation in 1937 to its complete merger in 1939. Following the Japanese invasion of China in July 1937, regional governments were established in Japanese-occupied territories.[1] After Operation Chahar in September 1937, which extended Japanese control to northern Shanxi region, more formal control of the area was established through the creation of the North Shanxi Autonomous Government, as well as the South Chahar Autonomous Government to the east of Shanxi.
South Chahar Autonomous Government | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1937–1939 | |||||||||
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Flag | |||||||||
| Motto: 日察如一、剷除共黨、民族協和、民生向上 Japanese-Chahar Unity, Eradication of Communist Forces, Ethnic Coordination, Improvement of People's Lives | |||||||||
A map of the United Mongol Autonomous Government featuring the state | |||||||||
| Status | Puppet state of the Empire of Japan | ||||||||
| Capital | Kalgan | ||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||
| Government | Military dictatorship | ||||||||
| Supreme Committee members | |||||||||
• 1937–1939 | Yu Pinqing and Du Yunyu [zh] | ||||||||
| Chief Adviser | |||||||||
• 1937–1939 | Motohei Takuchi [zh] | ||||||||
| Historical era | |||||||||
| 27 August 1937 | |||||||||
• Established | 4 September 1937 | ||||||||
• Part of Mengjiang | 1 September 1939 | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• | 2,000,000[1][2] | ||||||||
| Currency | Mengjiang yuan | ||||||||
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| Today part of | China | ||||||||
| South Chahar Autonomous Government | |||||||||
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| Chinese | 察南自治政府 | ||||||||
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On August 27, 1937, the Kwantung Army occupied Kalgan, the capital of the Chahar Province of the Republic of China. Sir Yu Pinqing, who was an executive member of the Zhangjiakou Shokai, was invited by the Japanese Army and appointed as a member of the Zhangjiaguchi Security Maintenance Committee based there. On September 4, the South Chahar Autonomous Government was established by the Zhangjiakou Security Maintenance Association. Kalgan was chosen as the capital (since it already functioned as a provisional one), and 10 prefectures in the southern part of Chahar Province (Xuanhua County, Wanquan County, Huai'an County, Zhuolu County, Yu County, Yangyuan County, Chicheng County, Ryuseki County, Enkei County, Huailai County) were absorbed into it.[3]
In addition to the South Chahar Autonomous Government, the Mongol United Autonomous Government and the North Shanxi Autonomous Government were established in the Mengjiang area at the same time. These three autonomous governments established the Mongolian Union Committee to facilitate each other's integration. However, this committee did not function well. Therefore, in September 1939, the three governments were merged into the newly established Mengjiang United Autonomous Government. At the same time, the South Chahar Autonomous Government was reorganized as the South Chahar Government Office and incorporated into the administrative divisions of the new government, and the South Chahar's Government Office was renamed to the Ministry of Xuanhua in 1943.[1]
In the South Chahar Autonomous Government, two supreme members elected from the political affairs committee played the role of administrative leaders. In addition, there were departments of the General Affairs Office, the Civil Affairs Agency, the Finance Agency, the National Safety Agency, and the Civil Affairs Agency, and the director was appointed as the head of each department. In addition, Japanese people were dispatched to each department of the autonomous government as advisors so that they could interfere with the country's administration, further solidifying the country's status as a Japanese puppet state.[1]
People
The key people in the Chahar government were as follows:[4][5][6]
- Chief Advisor: Motohei Takuchi [zh]
- Supreme Committee members: Yu Pinqing, Du Yunyu [zh]
- Committee members: Yu Pinqing, Du Yunyu [zh], Ruan Zinan [zh], Bai Kuixiang [zh], Shi Yuanzhi [zh], Han Yun [zh], Zheng Renzhai [zh], Han Yufeng [zh]
- Manager of General Affairs: Chen Yuming [zh]
- Director of the Agency of Civil Affairs: Chen Yuming [zh][7] or Lu Jingru [zh][8]
- Director of the Finance Agency: Yang Jinsheng [zh]
- Director of the National Safety Agency: Kazuya Takaki [zh]
- 抗日戰爭時期的那些僞政權，家國網，2012-7-31 Archived 2012-10-19 at the Wayback Machine
- Reorganized National Government of Japan (in Chinese). Beijing: Chinese Fumifumi Publishing Co., Ltd. 2002. p. 640.
- Liu Ji Lin; et al. (1995). Civilian Official Chronology (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhonghua Publishing Company. p. 1227.
- History of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House. p. 363.
- Dictionary of Modern Chinese History (in Chinese). Vol. 3. Modern China Publishing House. 1987. p. 100.
- Liu Shoulin; et al. The Chronology of Officials in the Republic of China (in Chinese). Vol. 2. 北京: The Research Center for Historical Materials of the Republic of China.
- Chronicles of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: Government Chronicles (in Chinese). Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House.